釋氏要覽 1.211

1.211

A model. The commentary to the 'Master of the Multitude' in the Rites of Zhou says: 'It is the designation for one who instructs with the Dao.' ○ The Zhigui says: 'Endowed with meritorious practice oneself, having the marks of transforming others.' ○ The Rites of Zhou says: 'Being a senior to others and a model instructing all things is called a teacher and senior.' ○ The Ratnakūṭa-śāstra says: 'A teacher and senior is one who can assist and foster the growth of noble ones.' ○ The Vinaya says: 'An upādhyāya should regard his disciple as a child; a disciple should regard the upādhyāya as a father.' They are also called 'teacher-father' (the Baihu tong says: 'A father is a standard; because he teaches the child with laws and rules'). There are two kinds of teachers: first, the preceptor (upādhyāya), that is, the one on whom one relies to leave household life, who transmits the scriptures and shaves the hair; the Vinaya also calls this the preceptor; second, the ācārya of reliance (niśrayācārya), that is, the one on whom one relies to receive and study the Tripiṭaka (anyone upon whom one relies to learn all affairs, even for a single day, can be called a teacher). ○ The Five Hundred Questions says: 'May all monks who ascend the ordination platform be called teachers?' Answer: 'There is no such principle. All those from whom one does not receive the Dharma cannot be called teachers.'