釋氏要覽 1.295

1.295

又名五納衣。謂衣有五種故。十誦律云。一有施主衣。二無施主衣。三往還衣（酉夭人亡衣屬以衣贈送至林却取施僧）四死人衣。五糞掃衣。此自有五種。一道路棄衣（脫厄衣也）二糞掃處衣。三河邊棄衣。四蟻穿破衣。五破碎衣。又有五種。一火燒衣。二水漬衣。三鼠咬衣。四午嚼衣。五嬭母棄衣。已上衣。天竺人諱忌故。棄之以不任用義同糞掃故。共納成衣。名糞掃衣也。律云。一切上色不得直用。並須染作迦沙色。今言毳者即是細毛為衣也○智度論云。佛意欲令弟子隨順道行。捨世樂故。讚十二頭陀。如初度五比丘。白佛當著何等衣。佛言應著納衣○十誦云。若納衣不貼田相。不詐披入聚落○此衣有十利。一在麁衣數。二少所求索。三隨意可坐。四隨意可臥。五浣濯易。六少虫禳。七染易。八難壞。九更不餘衣十不失求道。又云。體是賤物離自貪故。不為盜所貪。常得資身故。少欲者須濟形苦故上士著之。

Also called the 'fivefold patchwork robe' (wunayi), which means the robe consists of five kinds [of cloth]. The Daśabhāṇavāra-vinaya states: '1. Robes with a donor; 2. robes without a donor; 3. returning robes (cloth belonging to one who died young, taken to the charnel forest as a funerary shroud and then retrieved to give to monks); 4. a dead person's robes; 5. rag robes (pāṃśukūla).' These themselves have five kinds: 1. cloth discarded on roads (cast off to avert calamity); 2. cloth from dunghills; 3. cloth discarded by rivers; 4. cloth pierced by ants; 5. cloth torn to shreds. There are another five kinds: 1. cloth scorched by fire; 2. cloth soaked in water; 3. cloth gnawed by mice; 4. cloth chewed by cows; 5. cloth discarded by wet nurses. The above types of cloth are shunned by the people of Tianzhu as taboo; they are discarded because they are unusable, which in meaning is equivalent to rags from a dung heap; sewing them together into a robe is called a 'rag robe' (pāṃśukūla). The vinaya states: 'Pure, fine-colored [fabrics] must not be used directly; all must be dyed the kāṣāya color.' What is now called cuishi means robes made of fine hair. ○ The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: 'The Buddha wished to cause his disciples to conform to the practice of the Way and abandon worldly pleasures, and therefore praised the twelve dhūtas. For instance, when he first converted the five monks, they asked the Buddha what kind of robes they should wear, and the Buddha said they should wear patchwork robes.' ○ The Daśabhāṇavāra[-vinaya] states: 'If a patchwork robe does not have patches forming a field pattern, one must not presumptuously wear it into a village.' ○ This robe has ten benefits: 1. it counts among coarse garments; 2. it requires little seeking; 3. one can sit on it as one pleases; 4. one can lie on it as one pleases; 5. it is easy to wash; 6. it has few insects; 7. it is easy to dye; 8. it is hard to ruin; 9. one seeks no other robes; 10. one does not lose the pursuit of the Way. It also states: 'Its material is base, thereby severing one's own greed; it is not coveted by thieves, and can always sustain the body; those of few desires need it to relieve physical distress, so superior beings wear it.'