釋氏要覽 1.295

1.295

Also called the 'fivefold patchwork robe' (wunayi), which means the robe consists of five kinds [of cloth]. The Daśabhāṇavāra-vinaya states: '1. Robes with a donor; 2. robes without a donor; 3. returning robes (cloth belonging to one who died young, taken to the charnel forest as a funerary shroud and then retrieved to give to monks); 4. a dead person's robes; 5. rag robes (pāṃśukūla).' These themselves have five kinds: 1. cloth discarded on roads (cast off to avert calamity); 2. cloth from dunghills; 3. cloth discarded by rivers; 4. cloth pierced by ants; 5. cloth torn to shreds. There are another five kinds: 1. cloth scorched by fire; 2. cloth soaked in water; 3. cloth gnawed by mice; 4. cloth chewed by cows; 5. cloth discarded by wet nurses. The above types of cloth are shunned by the people of Tianzhu as taboo; they are discarded because they are unusable, which in meaning is equivalent to rags from a dung heap; sewing them together into a robe is called a 'rag robe' (pāṃśukūla). The vinaya states: 'Pure, fine-colored [fabrics] must not be used directly; all must be dyed the kāṣāya color.' What is now called cuishi means robes made of fine hair. ○ The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: 'The Buddha wished to cause his disciples to conform to the practice of the Way and abandon worldly pleasures, and therefore praised the twelve dhūtas. For instance, when he first converted the five monks, they asked the Buddha what kind of robes they should wear, and the Buddha said they should wear patchwork robes.' ○ The Daśabhāṇavāra[-vinaya] states: 'If a patchwork robe does not have patches forming a field pattern, one must not presumptuously wear it into a village.' ○ This robe has ten benefits: 1. it counts among coarse garments; 2. it requires little seeking; 3. one can sit on it as one pleases; 4. one can lie on it as one pleases; 5. it is easy to wash; 6. it has few insects; 7. it is easy to dye; 8. it is hard to ruin; 9. one seeks no other robes; 10. one does not lose the pursuit of the Way. It also states: 'Its material is base, thereby severing one's own greed; it is not coveted by thieves, and can always sustain the body; those of few desires need it to relieve physical distress, so superior beings wear it.'