釋氏要覽 2.354

2.354

業報差別經云。由先造增上。下品身語意妙行故。生人道○辯意經云。有五事。得生人中。得人尊貴。一施惠普廣。二敬禮三寶及長者。三忍辱無嗔。四柔和謙下。五博聞經戒。又有五事。一布施貧窮。二持戒不犯十惡。三忍辱不亂。四精進勸化。五一心奉孝盡忠。此五事生人中。大富長壽。端正威德。為人敬仰。有五事生人中卑賤。一憍慢。二於二親。剛強無恪。三放逸不禮事三寶。四盜竊以為生活。五負債不償。又有五事生人中。口氣香潔。身心安樂。（為人）稱舉。不為誹謗。一至誠不欺於人。二誦經。三護戒。四教人遠惡就善。五不求人長短。又有五事生人中。常被誹謗。為人所憎。形體醜惡。心意不安。常懷恐怖。一常無至誠。欺詐於人。二眾中說法者。而誹謗之。三見諸同學而輕試之。四不見他事而為作過。五鬪亂兩舌○人道三勝。一勇猛。二憶念。三梵行此三勝。生天人。

The Karmavibhaṅga-sūtra states: "Because of having previously performed superior lower-grade bodily, verbal, and mental excellent actions, one is born into the human path." The Bianyi jing states: "There are five matters by which one attains rebirth among humans and achieves honor and nobility: first, practicing widespread generosity; second, paying homage and respect to the Three Jewels and elders; third, forbearance without anger; fourth, being gentle and humble; fifth, extensive learning in the scriptures and precepts. There are also five matters: first, giving to the poor; second, keeping the precepts and not committing the ten unwholesome actions; third, forbearance without agitation; fourth, vigor in encouraging and converting; fifth, single-minded devotion to filial piety and complete loyalty. Through these five matters, one is born among humans with great wealth, long life, upright bearing, and dignified majesty, revered by people. There are five matters by which one is born lowly among humans: first, arrogance; second, being stubborn and disrespectful toward parents; third, negligence and failing to pay homage and serve the Three Jewels; fourth, making a living by stealing; fifth, failing to repay debts. There are also five matters by which one is born among humans with fragrant and clean breath, bodily and mental peace and happiness, praised and honored by others, and free from slander: first, utter truthfulness without deceiving others; second, reciting scriptures; third, guarding the precepts; fourth, teaching others to abandon evil and pursue good; fifth, not seeking out the shortcomings of others. There are also five matters by which one is born among humans constantly slandered, hated by people, ugly in physical appearance, uneasy in mind, and constantly harboring fear: first, being constantly without truthfulness, deceiving and tricking others; second, slandering those who preach the Dharma among the assembly; third, seeing fellow students and testing them with contempt; fourth, attributing faults where one has not seen another's actions; fifth, stirring up discord with a double tongue. The human path has three superior qualities: first, valor; second, mindfulness; third, pure conduct (brahmacarya). These three are superior in humans born in heaven and the human [realm]."