釋氏要覽 2.354

2.354

The Karmavibhaṅga-sūtra states: "Because of having previously performed superior lower-grade bodily, verbal, and mental excellent actions, one is born into the human path." The Bianyi jing states: "There are five matters by which one attains rebirth among humans and achieves honor and nobility: first, practicing widespread generosity; second, paying homage and respect to the Three Jewels and elders; third, forbearance without anger; fourth, being gentle and humble; fifth, extensive learning in the scriptures and precepts. There are also five matters: first, giving to the poor; second, keeping the precepts and not committing the ten unwholesome actions; third, forbearance without agitation; fourth, vigor in encouraging and converting; fifth, single-minded devotion to filial piety and complete loyalty. Through these five matters, one is born among humans with great wealth, long life, upright bearing, and dignified majesty, revered by people. There are five matters by which one is born lowly among humans: first, arrogance; second, being stubborn and disrespectful toward parents; third, negligence and failing to pay homage and serve the Three Jewels; fourth, making a living by stealing; fifth, failing to repay debts. There are also five matters by which one is born among humans with fragrant and clean breath, bodily and mental peace and happiness, praised and honored by others, and free from slander: first, utter truthfulness without deceiving others; second, reciting scriptures; third, guarding the precepts; fourth, teaching others to abandon evil and pursue good; fifth, not seeking out the shortcomings of others. There are also five matters by which one is born among humans constantly slandered, hated by people, ugly in physical appearance, uneasy in mind, and constantly harboring fear: first, being constantly without truthfulness, deceiving and tricking others; second, slandering those who preach the Dharma among the assembly; third, seeing fellow students and testing them with contempt; fourth, attributing faults where one has not seen another's actions; fifth, stirring up discord with a double tongue. The human path has three superior qualities: first, valor; second, mindfulness; third, pure conduct (brahmacarya). These three are superior in humans born in heaven and the human [realm]."