釋氏要覽 2.372

2.372

西域記云。俗書春秋有三塗危險之處。借此名也。塗猶道。非謂塗炭之義。若依梵語。云阿波那伽低此云惡道。道是因義。由履而行。

The *Xiyu ji* states: 'In the secular texts, the *Chunqiu* mentions the treacherous places of the "three paths" (santu); this name is borrowed from that. "Tu" is equivalent to "path" (dao), and does not mean "smeared in mud and charcoal" (tutan). If based on Sanskrit, it is called *apāyagati*; here this means "evil path". "Path" carries the meaning of cause, in that one proceeds by treading upon it.'