釋氏要覽 3.216

3.216

四分云。洗穢。百一羯磨本云。如世尊說勝義。洗淨有三種。一洗身。二洗語。三洗心。云何此中。但說不淨染污教令洗耶。佛言。欲令除去臭氣安樂住故。又佛言。有染比丘。不得禮人。不得受人禮。違者得越法罪。染有二種。一飲食染。二不淨染。不淨染者。但是糞土涎唾污穢。及大小行來。未洗者。佛言。汝等比丘應可洗淨○三千威儀經云。比丘若不洗大小便。得突吉羅罪。亦不得坐僧床座及禮三寶。亦不得受人禮拜○律云。凡洗淨用水以右手執瓶。左手洗之。出外先以灰滓摩手水洗。又用黃土。三度摩擦水洗又用皂角澡豆。皆洗至肘前○毘奈耶云。佛告苾芻汝等當知此是常行法。常須存意。如是洗淨。有大利益。令身潔淨諸天敬奉。是故汝等若依我為師者。咸應洗淨。若不洗者不應遶塔禮佛讀經。不禮他不受他禮。不應噉食坐僧床。不得入眾。由身不淨故。能令諸天見不生喜。所持呪法。皆無靈驗。若違者得惡作罪。

The Fourfold Vinaya says: 'Washing away defilement.' The Hundred and One Karmans text says: 'As the World-Honoured One spoke of the ultimate meaning, washing clean is of three kinds: first, washing the body; second, washing speech; third, washing the mind. Why is it that here he only teaches washing when defiled by impurity?' The Buddha said: 'It is to make them remove foul odours and abide in comfort.' Furthermore, the Buddha said: 'A monk who is defiled may not pay homage to others, nor may he receive homage from others. Violators incur an offence of transgressing the Dharma. Defilement is of two kinds: first, defilement from food and drink; second, defilement from impurity. As for defilement from impurity, it refers to foul defilements of mere dung, dirt, saliva, and phlegm, as well as coming from major or minor bodily functions without having yet washed.' The Buddha said: 'You monks ought to wash clean.' The Scripture of Three Thousand Dignified Demeanours says: 'If a monk does not wash after urination or defecation, he incurs a duṣkṛta offence. He also may not sit on the saṅgha's beds and seats, pay homage to the Three Jewels, or receive prostrations from others.' The Vinaya says: 'Whenever washing clean with water, hold the pitcher with the right hand and wash with the left hand. When stepping outside, first rub the hands with ash-residue and wash with water; next, use yellow earth, rubbing and washing three times with water; next, use soap-pods and bath-powder, washing in all cases up to the forearms.' The Vinaya says: 'The Buddha told the bhikṣus: "You should know that this is a practice to be constantly performed. You must constantly keep it in mind. Washing clean in this way brings great benefit: it makes the body clean and respected by the devas. Therefore, if you take me as your teacher, all of you should wash clean. If one does not wash, one should not circumambulate stūpas, pay homage to the Buddha, read scriptures, pay homage to others, receive homage from others, eat food, sit on the saṅgha's beds, or enter the assembly. Because the body is impure, it causes the devas to feel no joy upon seeing it, and the dhāraṇī methods one upholds will have no efficacy. If one violates this, one incurs an offence of bad action (duṣkṛta)."'