釋氏要覽 3.216

3.216

The Fourfold Vinaya says: 'Washing away defilement.' The Hundred and One Karmans text says: 'As the World-Honoured One spoke of the ultimate meaning, washing clean is of three kinds: first, washing the body; second, washing speech; third, washing the mind. Why is it that here he only teaches washing when defiled by impurity?' The Buddha said: 'It is to make them remove foul odours and abide in comfort.' Furthermore, the Buddha said: 'A monk who is defiled may not pay homage to others, nor may he receive homage from others. Violators incur an offence of transgressing the Dharma. Defilement is of two kinds: first, defilement from food and drink; second, defilement from impurity. As for defilement from impurity, it refers to foul defilements of mere dung, dirt, saliva, and phlegm, as well as coming from major or minor bodily functions without having yet washed.' The Buddha said: 'You monks ought to wash clean.' The Scripture of Three Thousand Dignified Demeanours says: 'If a monk does not wash after urination or defecation, he incurs a duṣkṛta offence. He also may not sit on the saṅgha's beds and seats, pay homage to the Three Jewels, or receive prostrations from others.' The Vinaya says: 'Whenever washing clean with water, hold the pitcher with the right hand and wash with the left hand. When stepping outside, first rub the hands with ash-residue and wash with water; next, use yellow earth, rubbing and washing three times with water; next, use soap-pods and bath-powder, washing in all cases up to the forearms.' The Vinaya says: 'The Buddha told the bhikṣus: "You should know that this is a practice to be constantly performed. You must constantly keep it in mind. Washing clean in this way brings great benefit: it makes the body clean and respected by the devas. Therefore, if you take me as your teacher, all of you should wash clean. If one does not wash, one should not circumambulate stūpas, pay homage to the Buddha, read scriptures, pay homage to others, receive homage from others, eat food, sit on the saṅgha's beds, or enter the assembly. Because the body is impure, it causes the devas to feel no joy upon seeing it, and the dhāraṇī methods one upholds will have no efficacy. If one violates this, one incurs an offence of bad action (duṣkṛta)."'