釋氏要覽 3.92

3.92

逼迫為性。由彼貪欲乃生苦故○佛地論云。惡事有二種。一者眾生。二者土地。且眾生有八苦。一生苦。二老苦。三病苦。四死苦。五愛別離苦。六所求不得苦。七冤憎會苦。八憂悲苦。二土地者。如說國土多寒多熱。無救護。多飢多病等○法句經云。天下之苦。莫過有身。飢渴寒熱。瞋恚驚怖。色欲怨禍。皆由於身。夫身者眾苦之本。禍患之源。勞心極慮。憂畏萬端。三界蠕動。更苦殘害。吾我縛著。生死不息。皆由於身與欲。離世當求寂滅。攝心守正。怕然無想。可得泥洹。此最為樂○身苦偈云。乘騎疲極故。求索住立處。住立疲極故。求索坐息處。坐久疲極故。求索安臥處。眾苦從作生。初樂後則苦。視瞬息出入。屈身坐臥起行立。及往來。此事無不苦。

Affliction and oppression are its nature, because it is from that craving and desire that suffering is born. The Buddhabhūmi-śāstra states: "There are two kinds of bad things: first, sentient beings; second, the lands. Sentient beings have eight sufferings: 1. the suffering of birth; 2. the suffering of aging; 3. the suffering of sickness; 4. the suffering of death; 5. the suffering of separation from what is loved; 6. the suffering of not getting what is sought; 7. the suffering of meeting with what is hated; 8. the suffering of grief and sorrow. Second, as for lands, it refers to countries having much cold, much heat, being without rescue or protection, having much famine, much sickness, and so forth." The Dharmapada states: "Of the world's sufferings, none exceeds having a physical body. Hunger, thirst, cold, heat, anger, fright, sensual desire, enmity, and disaster all stem from the body. The body is the root of all suffering and the source of disaster. Exhausting the mind and straining thought, anxiety and dread are myriad-fold. The wriggling creatures of the three realms suffer injury and harm; bondage to self and me continues without rest in birth and death—all because of the body and desire. Leaving the world, one should seek extinction; restraining the mind and preserving rectitude, tranquil and without conceptual thought, one may attain nirvāṇa; this is the supreme bliss." The verse on bodily suffering states: / "From the extreme fatigue of riding mounts, / One seeks a place to halt and stand; / From the extreme fatigue of standing, / One seeks a place to sit and rest; / From the extreme fatigue of sitting long, / One seeks a place to lie in peace. / All sufferings arise from activity: / Pleasure at first, followed by pain. / Gazing, blinking, inhaling and exhaling, / Bending the body, sitting, lying down, rising, walking, standing, and moving back and forth— / None of these things are free from suffering."