釋氏要覽 1.80

1.80

The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: "There are two kinds of poverty: 1. poverty of wealth; and 2. poverty of the dharmas of merit and virtue." The Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra states: "In the chapter on renunciation: poverty of wisdom and poverty of wealth." The Zhigui states: "The 'Way' is a general designation for all things, pertaining to the Way realized by the noble ones of the three vehicles. Stating that I am deficient in this Way, I therefore call myself 'this impoverished follower of the Way' (the Sengshilüe states: 'In the Han, Wei, and Western and Eastern Jin dynasties, śramaṇas addressing monarchs also simply called themselves píndào. For instance, in the Southern Qi, the Emperor asked Wang Jian: "How did former śramaṇas address the Emperor? Did they also sit in the main palace hall?" Jian replied: "In the Han and Wei, the Buddhadharma was not yet complete, and this is not seen in records and biographies. Since the illegitimate states grew somewhat prosperous, they all called themselves píndào, and we have also heard that they were permitted to sit"')."