釋氏要覽 2.274

2.274

In Sanskrit, pratyeka; in Chinese, 'solitary walker'. There are two kinds: the group-walker and the rhinoceros-horn-like. The Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra states: 'Always delighting in serenity, not wishing to live among others, having perfected the preparatory cultivation, without the instruction of masters or friends, they naturally and solitarily transcend the mundane world with intermediate practice and intermediate fruit; therefore, they are named solitary awakened ones (pratyekabuddha).' Alternatively, contemplating conditions, they awaken to the Way, so they are also called condition-awakened ones (pratyekabuddha). The Avataṃsaka-sūtra states: 'They cultivate and purify the ten wholesome courses of action of the highest grade; not following instructions from others, they awaken on their own; because great compassion and skillful means are not complete, they understand the profound Dharma of dependent origination.' Second, as for the upholding saṅgha, according to the Gaoseng zhuan there are ten categories: first, translation of scriptures; second, explanation of doctrine; third, practice of meditation; fourth, clarification of the vinaya; fifth, protection of the Dharma; sixth, sympathetic response; seventh, sacrificing the body; eighth, recitation and chanting; ninth, promoting blessings; tenth, cantors of virtue. (Master Tonghui said: 'If as a monk one does not partake in the ten categories, serving the Buddha is in vain for a hundred years.') Here concludes the Jewel of the Saṅgha.