一切經音義 1.165

1.165

兇黨（上勗恭反爾雅兇咎也韻詮云麤人也說文惡也恐也從古人在凶下會意字也今經從兀誤也下當朗反正作攩或從人作儻孔注尚書云相助匿非為黨說文朋群也從手黨聲）。

Violent gang (兇黨: the first character is pronounced *xu* + *gong* in fanqie. The *Erya* states: “*Xiōng* means calamity.” The *Yunquan* states: “A coarse person.” The *Shuowen jiezi* states: “Vicious; also fearful; it is composed of an ancient figure for person under *xiōng*, an associative compound.” In the current sūtra it is written with *wù* (兀), which is an error. The second character is pronounced *dang* + *lang* in fanqie; its standard form is written as 攩, or with the person radical as 儻. Kong's commentary on the *Classic of Documents* states: “Helping each other conceal wrongdoing is called a faction (dǎng).” The *Shuowen jiezi* states: “A cohort of peers; it is composed of the radical *shǒu* (hand) with *dǎng* as phonetic.”)