一切經音義 11.118

11.118

勇躍（上羊種反諡法曰懸命為仁曰勇知死不避曰勇說文勇氣也從力甬羊種反聲也或從戈古禾反從用作勇古字也或從足作踴下羊灼反廣雅躍跳也上也進也說文行皃也從足翟聲也）。

Leaping with vigor: the upper character has the fanqie *yang* + *zhong*. The *Shifa* states: 'Staking one's life for benevolence is called courage (勇); knowing death and not fleeing is called courage.' The *Shuowen* states: '勇 (*yong*) means vigor.' It has the strength radical (力) and 甬 (pronounced *yang* + *zhong*) as phonetic. It is also written with the halberd radical (戈, pronounced *gu* + *he*) and 用 as 勇 in ancient characters; or with the foot radical as 踴. The lower character has the fanqie *yang* + *zhuo*. The *Guangya* states: '躍 (*yue*) means to jump; it means upward; it means forward.' The *Shuowen* states: 'The appearance of walking.' It has the foot radical (足) and 翟 as its phonetic component.