一切經音義 29.180

29.180

鹹醋（上音咸。洪範云水曰潤下潤下作鹹。尒雅云鹹苦也。郭注云苦即大鹹也。說文鹹銜也北方味也。從鹵咸聲鹵音魯經從酉作醎誤也非正體。下倉固反考聲云醋䤈也。集訓酸也。此字非正且依經義音之俗用醬醋字也近代切韻諸家字書並同上音。說文及古字書從昔作醋者並音為昨。訓云客酌主人酒也是相酬酢字也音藏洛反獻酬也。若依說文玉篇古今正字文字典說廣雅切韻字統字林七本字書。醬醋字並從乍作酢。音倉固反。正醫酢字從乍也。說文云驗也。蒼頡篇酸也。今俗用却音為昨。未知二體今古孰是。今並書之也）。

Salty and sour (鹹醋: for the upper character, the sound is 咸 [*xián*]. The *Hongfan* says: "Water is said to soak and descend; soaking and descending produces saltiness." The *Erya* says: "*Xián* means bitter." Guo's commentary says: "Bitter means very salty." The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "*Xián* means to hold in the mouth; it is the flavour of the North." It takes the radical 鹵 with 咸 *xián* phonetic; the sound of 鹵 is 魯 [*lǔ*]. The sūtra writes it with the radical 酉 as 醎, which is an error and not the standard form. For the lower character, *cāng* - *gù* fanqie [*cù*]. The *Kaosheng* says: "*Cù* is condiment [䤈]." The *Jixun* says: "Sour." This character is not standard, but according to the meaning in the sūtra it is pronounced thus; popularly it is the character used for soybean-paste vinegar. Recent rhyme books and various lexicons all give the above pronunciation. The *Shuowen jiezi* and ancient lexicons give those written with 昔 as 醋 all pronounced as *zuó*. Its gloss says: "A guest pouring wine for the host"; this is the character for mutual pledging [酬酢], pronounced *zàng* - *luò* fanqie [*zuò*], presenting and returning toasts. If one follows seven lexicons—the *Shuowen jiezi*, *Yupian*, *Gu-jin zhengzi*, *Wenzidian shuo*, *Guangya*, *Qieyun*, and *Zitong*—the character for vinegar is in all cases written with 乍 as 酢, pronounced *cāng* - *gù* fanqie [*cù*]. In standard medical texts, *cù* is written with 乍. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "To test." The *Cang Jie pian* says: "Sour." Today popular usage conversely pronounces it as *zuó*. It is not known which of the two forms, ancient or modern, is correct; here both are recorded).