一切經音義 65.176

65.176

和上（經中或作和闍皆訛也應言鄔波弟邢此云近誦以弟子年小不離於師常逐常近受經而誦也又云鄔波拕邪此云親教舊譯云知罪知無罪名為和上也）。

Preceptor (heshang 和上; in sūtras sometimes written hezhe 和闍, which are all corruptions. It should properly be upādhyāya [鄔波弟邢], which translates here as 'reciting near', because when a disciple is young he does not leave his teacher, constantly following him closely to receive the scriptures and chant them. It is also called wubatuoye [鄔波拕邪; upādhyāya], translated here as 'personal instructor'. Older translations say: 'Knowing offenses and knowing non-offenses is called a heshang').