一切經音義 66.193

66.193

坑塹（上客耕反尒雅坑墟也郭璞曰謂池塹丘墟耳蒼頡篇坑壑也陷也或從阜作阮說文作阬案[上*亢]者平地深溝兩岸高峻名之為坑下妾艷反廣雅塹坑也顧野王云今城池為塹一曰城隍也案塹者外穿像坑坑內培土令高猶如墻基於上密種枳棘諸樹斷人畜過名之為塹）。

Pit and trench (坑塹: the first is pronounced [客 + 耕] *kēng*. The Erya says: '坑 means ruins.' Guo Pu says: 'It refers to moat trenches and hill ruins.' The Cangjiepian says: '坑 means a gully; a sunken pit.' It is also written with fù as 阮. The Shuowen writes it as 阬. Considering 坑, a deep trench on flat ground with both banks high and steep is called a pit. The second is pronounced [妾 + 艷] *qiàn*. The Guangya says: '塹 means a pit.' Gu Yewang says: 'Today a city moat is called a 塹; another name is the city moat (chénghuáng).' Considering 塹, digging outside in the form of a trench, and mounding the earth on the inner side to make it high, just like the foundation of a wall, on which dense spiny thorns and various shrubs are planted to block the passage of men and beasts, is called a trench).