一切經音義 22.108

22.108

稽首作禮 (Bowing with forehead to the ground in salutation): The *Zhouli* Grand Invocator distinguishes nine forms of bowing: first is *qishou* (kowtow), bowing twice with the head touching the ground; second is *dunshou*, bowing twice with the head knocking on the ground; third is *kongshou*, bowing twice with the head reaching the hands; fourth is *zhenshou*, bowing with shaking and trembling; fifth is *jixiangbai* (inauspicious-mourning bow), bowing when wearing mourning garments; sixth is *xiongbai*, touching the forehead to the ground before bowing, for three-year mourning; seventh is *qibai*, a single bow; eighth is *baobai*, a bow in return; ninth is *subai*, simply bowing with hands lowered.