一切經音義 28

English (machine translation) 28

Language: English

28.1

Supplemented by the monk Huilin, translator of sūtras under the Great Tang

Sounds for:
*Lalitavistara* (Puyao jing), 8 fascicles — [Xuanying]
*Lotus Sūtra* (Zheng fahua jing), 10 fascicles — [Xuanying]
*Sūtra of Immeasurable Meanings* (Wuliangyi jing), 1 fascicle — [Huilin]
*Lotus Samādhi Sūtra* (Fahua sanmei jing), 1 fascicle — [Huilin]
*Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra* (Satancuofentoulijing), 1 fascicle — [Huilin]
*Later Translated Appended-Chapter Lotus Sūtra* (Fahua houyi tianpin jing), 7 fascicles — [Huilin]
*Vimalakīrtinirdeśa* (Weimojiesuosuo jing), 3 fascicles — [Xuanying]
*Vimalakīrti Sūtra* (Weimojie jing), 2 fascicles — [Xuanying]
*Vimalakīrtinirdeśa* (Wugoucheng jing), 6 fascicles — [Xuanying]
*Mahāvaipulya Top-of-the-Head King Sūtra* (Dafangdeng dingwang jing), 1 fascicle — [Huilin]
*Mahāyāna Top-of-the-Head King Sūtra* (Dacheng dingwang jing), 1 fascicle — [Huilin]
*Good Thought Youth Sūtra* (Shansi tongzi jing), 2 fascicles — [Xuanying]
*Great Compassion White Lotus Sūtra* (Dabei fentouli jing), 8 fascicles — [Xuanying]
*Compassionate Lotus Sūtra* (Beihua jing), 10 fascicles — [Xuanying]
The above 14 sūtras, in 61 fascicles, share these sounds.

28.3

*Puyao jing* (Lalitavistara)

28.4

Fascicle One

28.5

Compiled by the monk Xuanying

28.6

Up to now (迄今): The fanqie is 虛訖 [qì]. The Erya says: '迄 means to reach (至).'

28.7

Blessings and fortune (福祚): The fanqie is 在故 [zuò]. 祚 means 'recompense'; it also means 'emolument'.

28.8

Four Great Rivers (四瀆): The fanqie is 徒木 [dú]. The Erya says: 'A watercourse flowing into a field drainage ditch.' The Shuowen says: 'A ditch; also, within a city or town it is called a 瀆.'

28.9

Stupid and dull (愚戇): The fanqie is 都降 [zhuàng]. The Shuowen says: 'Stupid and foolish.' 戇 also means 'foolish'.

28.10

To cleanse and wash (盪滌): For [the upper character], the fanqie is 徒朗 [dàng]; for the lower character, the fanqie is 庭的反 [tí/dí]. 盪滌 means to rinse vessels and utensils. The Shuowen says: '滌 means to rinse.'

28.11

Veranda window (軒䆫): The fanqie is 許言 [xiān]. 軒 refers to boards of a multi-storied pavilion; it also refers to boards atop a balustrade that block the wind and sun.

28.12

Enclosed park (苑囿): The ancient script writes it as [囗@(林/林)], identical; the fanqie is 于救 [yòu]. The Zilin says: 'An enclosed garden; it also refers to an imperial park.'

28.13

Bōshù (鏺樹): The fanqie is 普末 [pō]. It is the name of a country. According to the character's construction, it is a two-edged blade with a wooden handle used for mowing grass.

28.14

Treasury (帑藏): The fanqie is 湯朗 [tǎng]. Zhou Cheng's Nanzhi pronounces it 蕩 [dàng]. The Shuowen says: 'A 帑 is a storehouse where gold and silks are kept.'

28.15

Latticed partition (櫳疏): The fanqie is 祿公 [lóng]. The Cangjie pian says: 'A 櫳 is also a 疏.' The Shuowen says: 'In a room, it is called a 疏; a 疏 is also a window.'

28.16

Fascicle Two

28.17

Thigh and heel (髀踵): The fanqie is 蒲米 [bì]. For the lower character, the ancient script for 踵 is nowadays written as 𡺍, identical, with the fanqie 之勇 [zhǒng]. The Shuowen says: 'The heel of the foot.' The Guangya says: '𡺍 also means the heel.'

28.18

Bamboo hampers and chests (篋笥): The fanqie is 𦙃吏 [sì]. The Shuowen says: 'Receptacles for holding clothes; they are also receptacles for holding food. Round ones are called 簞, and square ones are called 笥.'

28.19

Clothes-rack (椸架): The ancient script has the two variants 㮛 and 椸; nowadays it is written as 箷, with the fanqie 司余支 [yí]. The Liji says: 'Men and women do not share the same clothes-rack.' Zheng [Xuan's] commentary states: 'A bamboo pole is called a 椸, which can be used to hang clothes.' The Cangjie pian says: 'A 椸 is a rack.'

28.20

Ducks and wild geese (鶩鴈): Pronounced 木 [mù]. The Erya says: 'A slow-flying duck is a 鶩.' Li Xun says: 'Wild ones are called 鳬, domestic ones are called 鶩. A 鶩 is a duck.'

28.21

Flourishing luxuriantly (芬葩): The fanqie is 普花 [pā]. The Shuowen says: '芬 means fragrant; 葩 means flowers.' It conveys an appearance of flourishing abundance.

28.22

To smile and laugh (咳笑): The ancient script writes 孩, identical, with the fanqie 胡來 [hái]. The Shuowen says: '咳 means the laughter of an infant.' The Liji says: 'When a child is three months old, the father grasps the child's hand, smilingly gazes at him, and names him'—this is it.

28.23

Fascicle Four

28.24

Piled up and carried (委儋): The fanqie is 丁甘 [dān]. 委 means to accumulate; 儋 means to bear on the shoulder; that is to say, heaped up and carried on the back or shoulders.

28.25

Crested ibis / watercock (鵁鶄): They fly in flocks like female chickens, resemble wild ducks, and have long legs.

28.26

Gnawing bones (齩骨): Also written as 䶧, identical; the fanqie is 五狡 [yǎo]. The Guangya says: '䶧 means to bite.' In the sūtra text it is written as 嚛, with the fanqie 火屋 [hù]. The Shuowen says: 'To eat pungent food.' 嚛 is not the correct character.

28.27

Officials and subordinates (寮屬): Also written as 僚, identical; the fanqie is 力條 [liáo]. The Erya says: '宷 and 寮 refer to officials.' Guo Pu says: 'Colleagues of the same office are called 寮; it also refers to associate colleagues.'

28.28

Gasping / looking up together (喁喁): The fanqie is 魚凶 [yóng]. The Shuowen says: 'Many mouths showing upward.' The Huainanzi says: 'None among the multitude of living beings fails to look up with open mouths (喁喁然) in admiration of his virtue.'

28.29

Fascicle Five

28.30

Did not sneeze (不嚏): The fanqie is 丁計 [tì]. The Cangjie pian says: 'To blow out through the nose.' In the sūtra text it is written as 哂 [to sneer], which is incorrect.

28.31

Precious mound / terrace (寶垛): The fanqie is 從果 [duǒ]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Accumulated earth is called a 垛.' The Shuowen says: 'A hall-side terrace.'

28.32

Reddish-orange drapery (緹幔): The fanqie is 他禮 [tǐ]. The Shuowen says: 'A whitish-reddish yellow color; a pale crimson. Dyed once, it is called 縓 or 緹.' The fanqie for 縓 is 且絹 [quàn].

28.33

Irregular pearls (珠璣): The fanqie is 居衣 [jī]. The Shuowen says: 'Pearls that are not round; or small pearls.' It is fundamentally composed of the jade radical and the phonetic 幾.

28.34

False words (訛言): The ancient script has the three forms 蒍, 譌, and 吪, all with the fanqie 五戈 [é]. The Classic of Poetry says: 'The deceptive words (訛言) of the people.' The commentary says: '訛 means false; 訛 also means deceitful words.'

28.35

Tribulus / puncture vine (蒺䔧): For the upper [character], the fanqie is 自栗 [jí]; for the lower, the fanqie is 力尸 [lí]. The Erya says: '薋 is the 蒺䔧.' It spreads along the ground, creeping and trailing, and its seeds have three spines. The sūtra text writes it as 𨪏錤, which has no known textual basis. 錤 has the pronunciation 基 [jī]; a 鎡錤 is a hoe, which is not what is used here.

28.36

Fascicle Six

28.37

Gentle and respectful (誾誾): The ancient script writes 㝘, identical, with the fanqie 魚巾 [yín]. The Shuowen says: '誾誾 means disputing affably and pleasantly.' The Liji says: '誾誾 is an appearance of harmony and respect.' The sūtra also writes it as 狺, identical to the character 㹞, with the two pronunciations 牛佳 [yái] and 牛巾 [yín], meaning the barking of dogs; 狺 is not the correct character. Some also write it as 唁, with the fanqie 宜箭 [yàn], which is not appropriate for this context.

28.38

Delicate and coy (嫈嫇): The fanqie are 乙莖 [yīng] and 莫莖 [méng]. The Zilin says: 'A modest disposition of the heart; it also means gazing through squinted eyes.' In the sūtra it is written as 𥌽[目*旨], which is not the standard form.

28.39

Leaping and prancing (跳蹀): The fanqie is 徒篋 [dié]. 跳 means to leap; 蹀 means to tap the foot; it describes the sound of rapid, light steps. 䠟 has the pronunciation 牒 [dié].

28.40

Inclining the head (䫌頭): The fanqie is 普米 [pǐ]. The Shuowen says: 'Inclining the head.' The Cangjie pian says: 'The head not being upright.'

28.41

Leisurely and composed (從容): The fanqie is 且容 [cōng]. It refers to an appearance of being deliberate, prudent, leisurely, and elegant. The Guangya says: '從容 refers to movements and demeanour.'

28.42

Vast and open (恢廓): Also written as [多*(厂@火)], identical; the fanqie is 苦迴 [kuī]. The Zilin says: '恢 means broad; 廓 means empty and open.'

28.43

Kneecap (柏𬛜): Also written as 髕, identical, with the fanqie 扶忍 [bìn]. The Shuowen says: 'The knee bone is called the 髕.'

28.44

Wild ox / rhinoceros (虎光): Also written in the two forms 兕 and 𧰽, identical, with the pronunciation 似 [sì], and also the fanqie 余姊 [sì]. The Erya says: 'The 光 resembles an ox.' Guo Pu says: 'It has a single horn, is green-colored, and weighs a thousand catties.'

28.45

Mixing clay (和埴): The fanqie is 時力 [zhí]. Sticky earth is called 埴. The Shiming says: '埴 means sticky (膱), with the 膱 of 知膱 [dense, cohesive].'

28.46

Branching surplus water (裁蘖): The ancient script has the three forms 㮆, 不, and 㩵, all with the fanqie 吾割 [è]. The Erya says: '糵 means carrying; it also means surplus.' That is to say, where water has a surplus that carries over and issues forth, it is called 𢮡.

28.47

Floating and drifting (氾流): The ancient script writes 泛, identical, with the fanqie 孚劒 [fàn]. 氾氾 indicates the appearance of floating.

28.48

Fascicle Seven

28.49

屯蹇 (zhī lún fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: '屯 means difficulty; 蹇 means obstructed').

28.50

林邠 (ancient forms written 㟗 and 豳; now written 邠, fǔ pín fan; the name of a tree).

28.51

禮貺 (xǔ kuàng fan; the Erya says: '貺 means to bestow.' Guo Pu says: it means to grant or give).

28.52

Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra (Zheng fahua jing)

28.53

Fascicle One

28.54

Compiled by the śramaṇa Xuanying

28.55

盧揥 (tú dì and chì xì, two fanqie; also written 薩俱盧楴; a personal name; translated here as 'noble lineage').

28.56

焰明 (the Zigu gives the ancient form as 燄; now written 爓; the Sancang has 焰; all yú zhān fan; the Shuowen says: 'The movement of fire blazing forth with bright flames.' The sūtra text writes 㷿, xǔ fán fan; the Picang says: '㷿 has a pungent taste'; the Ziyuan says: '㷿 means [a kind of plant].' 㷿 does not have this meaning; the character [for that plant] is pronounced lì gē fan).

28.57

蒸民 (zhī shēng fan; the Erya says: '蒸 means the multitudes.' 'Heaven gave birth to the multitudinous people' is an example of this).

28.58

恢闊 (also written [多*(厂@火)]; kǔ huí fan; the Zilin says: '恢 means grand; 闊 means expansive and far-reaching').

28.59

暨今 (the Shenglei says the ancient form was written 泉; qí qì fan; the Zilin says: '暨 means and/together with; it also means up to / reaching').

28.60

霍然 (hū guò fan; examining it: 霍然 describes a swift, sudden appearance; the sūtra text writes 㸌, which is not the standard form).

28.61

纂修 (zǐ luǎn fan; also written 纘; the Erya says: '纘 means to succeed/continue'; meaning to carry on and cultivate the ancestral heritage).

28.62

煜爚 (also written 焴; yú zhù fan; the appearance of flourishing brilliance; the sūtra text writes 昱鑠, which is not the standard form).

28.63

斒斕 (also written 霖 and 玢; bǔ jiān fan; the second character is also written 般, lì jiān fan; the Tongsu wen says: 'Variegated patterns are called 斒斕.' The sūtra text writes 斑蘭, which is not the standard form).

28.64

溥演 (pǐ gǔ fan; this is the ancient form of the character 普; the commentary to the Shijing says: '溥 means vast; it also means pervasive').

28.65

較略 (ancient form written 攉; gǔ xué fan; 較 means a rough outline; the Guangya says: '較 means clear').

28.66

明喆 (also written 哲; zhī liè fan; the Erya says: '哲 means wise'; this is a dialect word from the Song and Qi regions).

28.67

若繕 (shì zhàn fan; the Shuowen says: '繕 means to repair/mend'; the Sancang says: '繕 means to put in good order'; 繕 has the sense of making good).

28.68

謿話 (zhú jiāo fan; the second character is also written 譮 and 𦧵; hú kuài fan; the Shenglei says: erroneous words).

28.69

堊飾 (wū gè fan; the Erya says: 'A whitewashed wall is called 堊.' Guo Pu says: white earth used to decorate walls).

28.70

鐃鏡 (nú jiāo fan; the lower character is pronounced jìng; its exact source is unclear; examining the Zhouli: 'The bronze chun bell was used to harmonize drums, and the bronze nao bell was used to halt drums'—it should be this; 錞 is pronounced chuí lún fan).

28.71

拊抃 (fū zhǔ fan; 拊 means to clap; the second character is also written 拚; pí biàn fan; the Shuowen says: 'Clapping hands is called 抃').

28.72

Fascicle Two

28.73

㣿惕 (zhī ruò fan; the second character is tā dí fan; 㣿惕 means anxiety and dread; it also means distressing illness).

28.74

未聆 (lì dīng fan; the Cangjie pian says: '聆 means to hear; that which the ears hear').

28.75

軒䆫 (xū yán fan; the Chuci says: a 軒 is a protective structure above an upper storey used to screen wind and sun).

28.76

鑠如 (shū shuò fan; flashing and glittering; meaning a sudden, momentary brightening).

28.77

孚出 (also written 䞯; fāng wù fan; 孚 means swift; the Guangya says: 䞯 means a traveller).

28.78

慍恨 (yū jiān fan; 慍 means resentment; the Shuowen says: '慍 means anger; it also means wrath').

28.79

帑藏 (tāng lǎng fan; the Zhoucheng nanzi pronounces it dàng; the Shuowen says: '帑 is a storehouse where gold and silk coins are kept').

28.80

榱棟 (suǒ guī fan; the second character is dū nòng fan; the Erya says: rafters are called 榱, which are roof timbers; 棟 is the ridgepole of a roof; east of the mountains, the ridgepole is called 𬃡, pronounced yū jìn fan).

28.81

軒闥 (tā hé fan; the Guangya says: '闥 means a door; referring to a side-door').

28.82

虺蛇 (ancient forms written 虫 and 螝; now written 虺; hū guǐ fan; a venomous viper; the Hanfeizi says: 'Among poisonous reptiles there is the hui, which has one body and two mouths; contending for food, they bite each other and kill each other.' 齕 means to gnaw or bite, hé).

28.83

蝮螫 (fū liù fan; the second character is hū gè fan; a viper (fù) has fangs and is extremely venomous, possessing a stinger above; the sūtra text writes 蝠[竺-二+虫], which is an error).

28.84

𠆐竄 (the sūtra text sometimes writes 𠚏; this should be the character 逋, bǔ hú fan; 逋 means to flee; the Guangya says: '逋 means to scurry into hiding').

28.85

嗚呼 (huǒ hú fan; the Zilin says: '呼 means an exhalation; 呼 also means to summon, to call out.' The sūtra text writes 受).

28.86

啾唧 (zǐ yóu fan; the second character is zī lì fan; the Cangjie pian says: the clamour of many petty officials; the sūtra text writes 㗌, nǎi jié fan, meaning anger; 㗌 does not carry this meaning).

28.87

圂廁 (hú kùn fan; 圂 means a latrine; it also means a place where pigs live; 廁 means an outhouse; it also means mixed).

28.88

窠窟 (also written 薖 and 萪; kǔ hé fan; the Xiao Erya says: 'Where chickens brood is called a 窠; where hares rest is called a 窟.' The sūtra text writes 萂, which is incorrect).

28.89

摣掣 (also written 担; zè jiā fan; 摣 means to grasp with the hand; the sūtra text writes 𪙉, qiān hé fan, referring to uneven teeth; 𪙉 is not applicable here).

28.90

齮齧 (qiū qí fan; Wei Zhao's commentary on the Hanshu pronounces it kěn; the Cangjie pian says: 'The people of Qi call biting or gnawing 齮; 齮 thus means to gnaw').

28.91

羯羠 (qiú jǐ fan; Xu Guang says: '羯 and 羠 are both castrated rams').

28.92

[冗-几+豕]埌 (lì yǎng fan; the Tongsu wen says: 'Mound tombs are called 壙埌').

28.93

鳩洹 (various sūtras write 鳩垣 or 仇桓; these are all corrupt Sanskrit transliterations; translated here as 'great-bodied ghost' [kumbhāṇḍa]).

28.94

拔扈 (pú mò fan; the second character is hú gǔ fan; the Hanshu yinyi says: '扈 means domineering (拔扈); referring to acting willfully and without restraint').

28.95

鐵喙 (also written 顪; xǔ huì fan; the Tongsu wen says: 'The mouth of a beast is called a 喙; 喙 is also a general term [for a beak or muzzle]').

28.96

尸骸 (hū jiē fan; a general term for bones/skeletons; the sūtra text writes 𡱍, which is incorrect).

28.97

燔燒 (also written 㸋; fú yuán fan; the Mao Shijing says: 'Roasting directly on fire is called 燔; 燔 also means to burn').

28.98

恇欀 (qiū fāng fan; the second character is ér yáng fan; the Shuowen says: '恇欀 means agitated and confused; referring to being overwhelmed by fear and panic.' The sūtra text writes with the heart radical as 懷, rén xiàng fan; 懹 means to fear or to hesitate; 懷 does not have this meaning).

28.99

烏殟 (wū mò fan; the Shuowen says: 'Ruined in the womb'; the Shenglei says: '烏殟 means on the verge of death').

28.100

灰燼 (also written 燼; sì jìn fan; the remains of burnt wood are called 燼; the sūtra text writes 藎, which is the plant jìn and not the standard form; it is also written 𱽧, which is an error).

28.101

炙𬋘 (also written [(夕/火)*巢]; lì zhào fan; north of the Yangtze, warming one's hands and feet by the fire is called 炙燎; the sūtra text writes 燎, which is not the standard form).

28.102

奔騖 (wáng fù fan; 騖 means galloping swiftly; the Guangya says: 'to dash/run').

28.103

蜈蚣 (pronounced wú gōng; the Zilin says: 'It is the centipede (jiju); it is extremely capable of subduing snakes.' The sūtra text writes [虫*(暴-(日/共)+((┐@一)/一))], which is incorrect).

28.104

蚳䖧 (qú zhī fan; the second character is zhī liè fan; the Shuowen says: '蚔䖯 is a scorpion; a venomous snake or insect.' The Guangya says: 'A maggot is a poisonous worm.' The sūtra text writes 螑, which is incorrect; 䖯 is pronounced guī).

28.105

盲聵 (niú kuài fan; born deaf is called 聵; a person without understanding is called 聵; the sūtra text writes 𭧫, hú duì fan, meaning obscured/dim; 𭧫 is not in standard use today).

28.106

燒焫 (also written 爇; ér yuè fan; the Cangjie pian says: '爇 means to burn or ignite').

28.107

免㴉 (also written 濟; zǐ dì fan; 濟 means to cross over; it also means to benefit).

28.108

勱勵 (ancient form 勱; now written 勉; mǐ biàn fan; 勱 means to strive vigorously, meaning to exert oneself strongly; the second character is lì zhì fan; to encourage one another; to exert effort is 勵).

28.109

[牛*夒]馴 (Two fanqie: *ru* + *xiao* [rǎo] and *ru* + *zhao* [rào]. [牛*夒] means peaceful. The Shuowen says: 'A docile and cautious ox is called [牛*夒]'; hence the character takes the ox radical. The lower character has the fanqie *si* + *jun* [xún]. The Guangya says: '馴 means tame; it also means compliant.' The Shuowen says: 'Raising birds and beasts to make them obedient and practiced is called 馴.' In the sūtra text it is written with the hand radical as 擾, and the lower character is written as 循; these are not the correct character forms).

28.110

縶紲 (Also written as 馽, both with the fanqie *zhi* + *li* [zhí]. The lower character is also written as 緤, both with the fanqie *xi* + *lie* [xiè]. 縶 means to hobble; it means to bind and hold. 紲 means a horse's reins; that which is used to tether and restrain livestock is called 紲. 紲 means to tie up).

28.111

謗訕 (Fanqie *suo* + *jian* [shān]. The Cangjie pian says: '訕 means to criticize.' It means to slander and defame).

28.112

蠱狐 (The Shenglei gives the fanqie *yi* + *zhe* [yè]. In texts it is mostly written as 野狐 [wild fox]; these are ancient interchangeable characters).

28.113

黤黮 (Fanqie *wu* + *gan* [ǎn] and *ta* + *gan* [dǎn]. 黤黮 means dark and unclear. In the sūtra text it is written as 黕, with two fanqie: *ding* + *gan* [dǎn] and *ding* + *shen* [dàn], meaning dirty and turbid; 黕 is not the current usage).

28.114

疼𤺑 (Also written as 𦙭 or 痋, fanqie *tu* + *dong* [téng]. The Shenglei writes it as 癑. The Shuowen says: '痋 means moving pain.' In the sūtra text it is written as [病-丙+史], which is incorrect. The lower character has the fanqie *su* + *dao* [sào]. 𤺑 means small sores arising from itchy skin. The correct form is 㿋; the sūtra writes 𤺑, which is a vulgar and incorrect character).

28.115

癘瘡 (Also written as 癩, both with the fanqie *li* + *dai* [lài]. The Zilin says: 'A severe disease').

28.116

憂瘀 (Fanqie *yu* + *yu* [yù]. The Guangya says: '瘀 means sickness; 瘀 means injury.' In the sūtra text it is written as 瘶, which is incorrect).

28.117

喚哳 (Fanqie *zhi* + *xia* [zhé]. In the Chuci, 嘲哳 means the chirping of birds. According to the meaning of the character, it should properly be written as 㕭, fanqie *wu* + *jiao* [āo]; south of the Yangtze, being clamorous is called 㕭咋; 咋 has the fanqie *shi* + *bai* [zhà]).

28.118

黧黮 (Fanqie *li* + *xi* [lí]; the lower character has the fanqie *chi* + *gan* [tǎn]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Speckled black is called 黧黮').

28.119

好忤 (Also written as 迕 or 悟, both with the same form, fanqie *wu* + *gu* [wù], meaning to collide or offend. The Shenglei says: '迕 means rebellious and disagreeable').

28.120

Fascicle Three

28.121

靖聽 (Also written in the four forms 𩇕, 竫, 靜, and 妌, all with the fanqie *zi* + *jing* [jìng], meaning calm and noiseless).

28.122

葐[蓋-去+(ㄇ@人)] (Fanqie *fu* + *wen* [fén]; the lower character has the fanqie *yu* + *wen* [yūn]. 葐蒀 refers to fragrant aroma; it also describes abundance. In the sūtra text it is written as 芬薀, which is incorrect).

28.123

流宕 (Fanqie *da* + *lang* [dàng]. The Shuowen says: '宕 means to pass by.' The Tongsu wen says: 'To turn around and pass by is called 宕', which is this).

28.124

㝯停 (Fanqie *qi* + *jiao* [qiáo]. The Zilin says: '㝯 means extraordinary.' In the sūtra text it is written as 僑, which means tall or talented; 僑 is not the standard form).

28.125

致[爪*ㄗ] (Fanqie *yu* + *zhen* [yìn], meaning to seal or approve. The Shuowen says: 'The seal is the king's token of trust.' The Cangjie pian says: 'The seal is proof').

28.126

嬉遊 (Also written as 僖, both with the fanqie *xu* + *zhi* [xī]. The Shuowen says: '嬉 means to play; it means playful laughter.' In the sūtra text it is written as 繥, which is incorrect).

28.127

祚胤 (Fanqie *zai* + *gu* [zuò]; the lower character has the fanqie *yu* + *zhen* [yìn]. 祚 means fortune and official rank. 胤 means descendants or succession. In the sūtra text it is written as 𥹁, which is incorrect).

28.128

飢餒 (Fanqie *nu* + *zui* [něi]. The Cangjie pian says: '餒 means hungry.' In the sūtra text it is written as 𩚛, for which no source has been found).

28.129

訾計 (Also written as 𤺒, both with the fanqie *zi* + *yi* [zǐ]. The Shuowen says: '訾 means to measure; to ponder.' The sūtra text uses the 貲 of 貲貨 [wealth and goods], which does not convey the meaning of the character).

28.130

宜用 (Fanqie *yu* + *gong* [yòng]. The Cangjie pian says: '用 means to use.' In the sūtra text it is written as 甬, which is incorrect).

28.131

昂昂 (Also written as 昂昂, both with the fanqie *wu* + *gang* [áng]. 昂昂 describes an appearance of reverence).

28.132

䐗彘 (Also written as 豬, both with the fanqie *zhi* + *lü* [zhū]; the lower character has the fanqie *chu* + *li* [zhì]. The Fangyan says: 'East and west of the Pass, pigs [䐗] are called 彘').

28.133

鷄鶩 (Pronounced *mu* [mù]. The Erya says: 'The wild ones are called 鳧 [mallard]; the domestic ones are called 鶩 [duck].' 鶩 is indeed the duck. In the sūtra text it is written as 雅, which is incorrect).

28.134

出內 (Fanqie *nu* + *dui* [nà]. The character dictionaries say: '內 means to bring in.' In the sūtra text it is written with the human radical as 㐻, which is incorrect).

28.135

煩冤 (Written in the two forms 冤 and 惌, and now written as 宛, all with the fanqie *yu* + *yuan* [yuān]. The Shuowen says: '冤 means grievance.' The Guangya says: '冤 means injustice.' In the sūtra text it is written as 婉, which is not the proper character form).

28.136

𭍠口 (Also written as 嗇, both with the fanqie *shi* + *li* [sè], describing an appearance of a multitude. A farmer is called a 嗇夫; it also means to accumulate).

28.137

剓身 (Also written as [((〦/米)*ㄆ)/刀], both with the fanqie *li* + *zi* [lí]. The Sancang says: '[(牛*ㄉ)/刀] means to slash.' In the sūtra text it is written as 釐身, which is not the proper character form).

28.138

林麓 (The ancient character is 㯟, both with the fanqie *li* + *gu* [lù]. Woods belonging to a mountain are called 麓. The Shijing says: 'Look at that foot of Mount Zao.' The Commentary says: 'The foot of the mountain').

28.139

樛木 (Fanqie *ju* + *qiu* [jiū]. The Shijing says: 'In the south are the drooping trees.' The commentary says: '樛木 refers to trees whose branches droop and bend down').

28.140

䅥䅥 (Also written as 𥠹, both with the fanqie *ju* + *jie* [jié]. The commentary on the Shijing says: '䅥䅥 means growing tall.' The Shuowen says: 'Grain rising and shooting forth sprouts').

28.141

豐羨 (Fanqie *ci* + *jian* [xiàn]. The commentary on the Zhouli says: '羨 means abundant; it also means surplus.' In the sūtra text it is written as 羡, which is incorrect).

28.142

㕮咀 (Fanqie *fang* + *fu* [fǔ], also pronounced *fu* [fǔ]; the lower character has the fanqie *ce* + *lü* [jǔ]. It refers to crushing something into small pieces).

28.143

肧胎 (Fanqie *pu* + *cai* [pēi]. The Shuowen says: 'When a woman is pregnant for one month it is called 肧 [embryo]; at two months it is called 胎 [fetus].' 胎 means the beginning; it also means to nurture).

28.144

𣖉本 (Fanqie *ta* + *han* [tān]. The Shuowen says: 'To reach far to take.' It means to grope and feel for).

28.145

宣叶 (Also written as 協, both with the fanqie *hu* + *die* [xié]. 叶 means to unite, to be identical, and to harmonize).

28.146

斐粲 (Fanqie *fu* + *wei* [fěi]. The commentary on the Shijing says: '斐 describes an appearance of literary elegance.' 粲 means bright, describing an appearance of freshness and abundance).

28.147

Fascicle Four

28.148

豓䀎 (Also written as 艷, both with the fanqie *yu* + *shan* [yàn]; the lower character has the fanqie *mo* + *jian* [miàn]. 艷 means beautiful appearance. 䀎 means glancing sideways. In the sūtra text it is written erroneously in the two forms 醯眄).

28.149

奕奕 (Fanqie *yu* + *shi* [yì]. 奕 refers to the virtue of brilliance. The Guangya says: '奕 means grand.' The character takes the radical 大).

28.150

嗟嘆 (Fanqie *zi* + *ye* [jiē]; the lower character has the fanqie *chi* + *dan* [tàn]. 嗟嘆 refers to sighing deeply. In the sūtra text it is written as [(口*巨)/木], which is incorrect).

28.151

開䦱 (Also written as 𨷕, both with the fanqie *yu* + *bi* [huì]. The Zilin says: '䦱 means to open; to throw wide open.' In the sūtra text it is written erroneously as 𨳵).

28.152

羸憊 (Also written in the two forms [病-丙+(茖-口+用)] and 𱟉, both with the fanqie *pu* + *jie* [bèi]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Extreme exhaustion is called 憊.' 憊 means weary and feeble).

28.153

諄諄 (Two fanqie: *zhi* + *run* [zhùn] and *zhi* + *chun* [zhūn]. The Shuowen says: 'Instructing repeatedly and thoroughly.' 諄諄 describes an appearance of earnestness and sincerity).

28.154

綺𡣶 (Fanqie *cu* + *qie* [cuò]. The Shuowen says: 'White and lovely.' The Shenglei says: '𡣶 means fine patterned silk.' The Tongsu wen says: 'Fresh and magnificent clothing and ornaments are called 𡣶.' In the sūtra text it is written as 纘, which is incorrect).

28.155

Fascicle Five

28.156

解懌 (Fanqie *yi* + *shi* [yì]. The Erya says: '怡懌 means joyful.' The Zilin says: '懌 means pleased').

28.157

不嫪 (Fanqie *li* + *dao* [lào]. The Tongsu wen says: 'A begrudging intent is called 嫪.' The Shuowen says: '嫪 means to cherish affectionately', referring to yearning and being unable to leave).

28.158

裨體 (The Shuowen writes it as 埤, or written as 朇, both with the fanqie *bi* + *yi* [pí]. 埤 means to increase, to enrich, and to assist).

28.159

淳化 (Fanqie *shi* + *jun* [chún]. Being single-minded and unmixed is called 淳. The Sancang says: '淳 means rich and pure.' In the sūtra text it is written erroneously as 享).

28.160

求眺 (Fanqie *ta* + *diao* [tiào]. The Shuowen says: '眺 means to look.' It also means to gaze afar and examine).

28.161

崖底 (Fanqie *ding* + *li* [dǐ]. 底 is like 'below'. In the sūtra text it is written as 㞴, pronounced *zhi* + *yi* [chí], the name of a mountain; it is also written as 𡵒, fanqie *zi* + *jie* [jié]. The Shuowen says: 'A secluded and high mountain peak').

28.162

洮汰 (Fanqie *tu* + *dao* [táo]; the lower character is pronounced *tai* [tài]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Washing rice is called 洮汰.' The Guangya says: '汰 means to wash.' 淅 has the fanqie *zhan* + *re* [zhī]).

28.163

Fascicle Six

28.164

墟𨽁 (Fanqie *qiu* + *yu* [xū]. 墟 means dwelling; where people dwell is called 墟. Below are the ancient character forms 𨞮 and [目*邑], now written as 聚, both with the fanqie *cai* + *ju* [jù]. Moreover, the Guangya says: '聚 means dwelling', referring to where people gather and dwell).

28.165

潀流 (Fanqie *zai* + *gong* [zōng]. The Shijing says: 'The wild ducks and gulls are at the confluence.' The Commentary says: 'Where waters converge.' The Shuowen says: 'A small stream entering a large stream').

28.166

調馴 (Fanqie *si* + *jun* [xún], meaning tame; it also means compliant. In the sūtra text it is written as 裝偱, which is incorrect).

28.167

敬逵 (Also written as 馗, both pronounced *qu* + *gui* [kuí]; in the Lotus Sūtra this is Mahāprajāpatī).

28.168

Fascicle Seven

28.169

Yinshao 音韶 (ancient character identical to 𰈺, fanqie 視招; the name of the music of [Emperor] Shun; shao 韶 expresses "continuing" [shao 紹]).

28.170

Duishe 堆射 (now written as 弋, identical, fanqie 餘力; yi 弋 means shooting with an arrow attached to a cord, or hunting; jiao 繳 has the sound of the fanqie 謂之若).

28.171

Choumou 綢繆 (fanqie 直周; the second character fanqie 莫侯; the Commentary to the Classic of Poetry states: "Choumou 綢繆 is like entwining.")

28.172

Diaonai 調譺 (fanqie 吾戒; the Tongsu wen states: "Extensive bantering is called nai 譺; nai means cheating").

28.173

Cuoci 蹉𨅦 (fanqie 千何; not 子亦; meaning anxious and unsettled; the character 踖 should mistakenly be 錯, fanqie 千各; cuo 蹉 means not straight; cuo 錯 means error or loss).

28.174

Laofei 勞廢 (fanqie 府吠; fei 廢 means to withdraw, or to quit and cease; the sutra text writes it as 廐, which is incorrect).

28.175

Kuizhu 窺𨵦 (fanqie 丘規; the second character fanqie 弋珠; the Shuowen says: "Kuizhu 窺𨵦 means to peer closely").

28.176

Qisang 稽顙 (ancient character identical to 䭬, fanqie 苦禮; the second character fanqie 桑朗; qi 稽 means to reach; sang 顙 means forehead; meaning the forehead reaching the ground).

28.177

Xunfa 詢法 (also written as 詢, identical, fanqie 思遵; the Zuozhuan states: "Consulting with kin is called xun 詢"; xun means the decorum of inquiring with kin).

28.178

Pinju 貧窶 (fanqie 瞿矩; the Classic of Poetry states: "The ju 窶 lacks ritual propriety"; character glossaries state: "Ju means hollow or impoverished").

28.179

Yuanyuan 元元 (speaking of yuanyuan means it is not just a single person among the people; ancients referred to the people as "good folk", and because good was regarded as yuan [primal/primary], they are called the li-yuan [masses]; the sutra text writes 忨, fanqie 五喚; wan 忨 means covetousness, which is not the present sense).

28.180

Menbi 悶愊 (two fanqie: 普力 and 蒲力; bi'yi 愊億 is like fullness).

28.181

Hongyi 薨殪 (fanqie 呼弘; the Guangya states: "Hong 薨 means to pass away; the death of feudal lords is called hong"; the second character is anciently written as [壹-豆+((歹*匕)/土)], identical, fanqie 於計; it means to die at a single discharge [of an arrow], called yi; yi also means death).

28.182

Fascicle Eight

28.183

Tihu [飢-几+氏]餬 (fanqie 徒奚; the second character fanqie 戶孤; the Tongsu wen states: "Clarified butter and butter are called tihu 䬫餬"; the sutra text writes 𮠺, which is incorrect).

28.184

Sai[nang] 塞𪖵 (fanqie 一弄; the Picang states: "A nasal illness"; the sutra text writes [土*(公/儿)], which is not this character).

28.185

Zhiya 㭰鴉 (fanqie 資髓; the second character fanqie 於加; the ya 鴉 is a bird; the sutra text written with 亞 as 鵶 is incorrect).

28.186

Jiaojing 鵁[(生/(同-(一/口)+┴))*鳥] (pronounced jiao 鵁; the jing is similar to a water rail but taller in leg and with a crested crown of feathers; households rear it to suppress the calamity of fire).

28.187

Huanhu 嚾呼 (also written in the two forms 嚻呼, identical, fanqie 呼換; meaning crying out, shouting, and calling).

28.188

Xiangxi 享餼 (fanqie 虛掌; the second character fanqie 虛氣; xiang 享 means to present or offer; the Yili states: "Offering with live sacrificial victims is called xi 餼"; xi is like an allowance or ration; character glossaries say xi means food provisions; the sutra text writes 響, which is not the correct character form).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese