一切經音義 3.102

3.102

邪命 (the upper character is *xī* + *jiē* [fanqie: xié]; a phonetic loan character; the standard form in the Shuowen jiezi is written as 衺, derived from 'yī' (clothing) with 'yá' as phonetic. The Shangshu says: "Remove the perverse and do not doubt." Gu Yewang says: "'Xié' is like bad or wicked." The sūtra says: 'Wrong livelihood' (mithyājīva) means undertaking practices that are not the proper path, flattering to seek fame and gain, or engaging in four verbal actions to earn a living—namely, gazing up at stellar phenomena, plowing fields and planting crops, running errands in all directions, and using incantations to subdue ghosts and spirits; these four kinds of verbal livelihood are called 'wrong livelihood'").