一切經音義 49

English (machine translation) 49

Language: English

Sounds and meanings for:
Guang bai lun ben (Mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā / Catuḥśataka root text), 1 fascicle — Huilin
Guang bai lun shi (Catuḥśataka-ṭīkā), 10 fascicles — Xuanying
Shizhu piposha lun (Daśabhūmika-vibhāṣā), 14 fascicles — Xuanying
Puti ziliang lun (Bodhisambhāra-śāstra), 6 fascicles — Huilin
Dasheng zhuangyan lun (Mahāyāna-sūtrālaṃkāra), 13 fascicles — Huilin
Da zhuangyan lun (Kalpanāmaṇḍitikā / Mahālaṃkāra-śāstra), 15 fascicles — Xuanying
Shunzhong lun, 2 fascicles — Huilin
She dasheng lun (Mahāyānasaṃgraha), 3 fascicles — Huilin
The above eight treatises in sixty-four fascicles are glossed in this fascicle.

49.3

Guang bai lun ben, 1 fascicle

49.4

Compiled by the monk Huilin.

49.5

All insect pests (眾蠹: du + gu fan; the Mu Tianzi zhuan says: "Insects that eat books and tablets are du pests." The Shuowen says: "Insects that eat the insides of wood." It derives from 䖵 [insects] with [橐-木] as an abbreviated phonetic. It is also written as 螙, picturing an insect between wood, being a pictographic character).

49.6

Melting and smelting (𮡻鎔銷: the first is ting + ding fan; Xu Shen's re-annotated Huainanzi says: "Raw unrefined copper and iron ore." The second is pronounced rong; the Yunquan says: "To melt and cast." The last is pronounced xiao; the Shuowen says: "To smelt metal." 鑠 is shang + zhuo fan. The above three characters all derive from metal [金] and are phono-semantic characters).

49.7

Burning down heterodox tenets (燎邪宗: the first has the two fanqie liao + diao and li + zhao; Zheng's commentary on the Mao Shi says: "Setting fire to a field is called liao." The Shuowen says: "To set fire." It derives from fire [火] and is a phono-semantic character. The second is xie + ye fan; the Wenzi jilüe says: "What is not straight and upright is called xie [perverse/crooked]." It is also a popular character; the standard form is written 袤, deriving from ya [牙] in the middle and yi [衣] above and below).

49.8

Exposition of the Guang bai lun (Catuḥśataka-ṭīkā), Fascicle One

49.9

Compiled by Xuanying.

49.10

Complying with the Dharma (偱法: si + zun fan; the Erya says: "偱 means from oneself." 偱 means to follow; it also means all over. It is also written as 巡; 巡 means to make a circuit of).

49.11

Mixed and blended (雜糅: nü + jiu fan; the Shuowen says: "Mixed grain food." Nowadays it refers to things of different colours gathering together as 糅).

49.12

How could there be? (詎有: qu + ju fan; 詎 means how; it also means not yet, referring to an expression of not knowing).

49.13

Sattva, rajas, and tamas (薩埵剌闍荅摩: 剌 is le + da fan. 荅摩 is translated here as darkness; the rest contains many meanings and cannot be translated definitively. The old translations say: "sorrow, joy, and darkness"; others say: "defiled, coarse, and black"—these are different names).

49.14

Agitated and wary (躁警: ju + ying fan; 警 means to warn and be circumspect. The Guangya says: "警 means uneasy").

49.15

Frightening waves (駭浪: hu + ai fan; the Sancang says: "駭 means startled and alert." The Guangya says: "駭 means to rise").

49.16

Surging billows (奔濤: tu + dao fan; the Cang Jie pian says: "濤 means large waves").

49.17

Irrigating the coarse (溉麁: she + xie fan; the Shuowen says: "溉 means to irrigate").

49.18

Melting copper (鎔銅: the first is pronounced rong, or yi + zhong fan; this pronunciation is used in the Jiangnan region. It means melting, casting, smelting, and liquefying).

49.19

Fascicle Two

49.20

Palāśa tree (波羅奢樹: a Sanskrit word; translated here as red-flower tree. The sap of the tree is extremely red and used for dyeing; modern lac [purpurin] is this).

49.21

Non-Buddhists of the treatises on grammar (記論外道: this refers to the Vyākaraṇa treatises).

49.22

All insect pests (眾蠧: du + gu fan; the Zilin says: "Wood-eating insects, those that bore through and eat human utensils, such as silverfish and the like").

49.23

Fascicle Three

49.24

Temporary scar (時痕: hu + gen fan; the Tongsu wen says: "A sore scar is called hen." Hen means a trace of an injury).

49.25

Master and controller (主宰: zu + dai fan; the Liji says: "The chief butcher serves as the master of offerings." Zheng Xuan says: "The chief butcher is an official who oversees food and provisions").

49.26

Tāla fruit (多羅果: a Sanskrit word. Its tree resembles a palmetto, standing erect and towering high. The large ones have several white flowers that are as large as cupped hands. When the fruit ripens, it becomes red, shaped like a pomegranate. Only after a hundred years do flowers and fruits appear. The old translation jutuo [具多] is an error).

49.27

Carelessly avoiding (苟避: gong + hou fan; the Guangya says: "苟 means [improperly] grasping; it also means truly").

49.28

Relying on an embankment (依隄: ding + xi fan, also pronounced ti; the Shuowen says: "隄 means an earthen bank; a dike. Piling up earth to block water is called 隄." 隄 is an embankment/bridge work. The character derives from fu [阜]).

49.29

What is mocked (所[山/虫]: chang + yi fan; the Cang Jie pian says: "[山/虫] means to slight and insult; [山/虫] means to laugh at").

49.30

Blinded and covered (眯覆: mi + li fan; when grit or grass enters the eye, it is called mi. Nowadays people speaking of mi-mu [irritated eye] are referring to this).

49.31

Soaring flames (騰焰: tu + deng fan; teng means leaping up; teng means dashing).

49.32

Fascicle Four

49.33

Takṣaka (怚筞迦: a Sanskrit word; dou + da fan. This is the name of a nāga king; the old translation was Dechajia [得叉迦]).

49.34

Delicious foods (甘饌: shi + juan fan; the Shuowen says: "甘 means delicious; 饌 means preparing food and drink").

49.35

Fascicle Five

49.36

Arranging stones (編石: bei + mian fan; arranging stones in sequence. The Zilin says: "編 means weaving; interweaving sequentially with cord is called 編").

49.37

Madana fruit (末達那果: a Sanskrit word; also called motuona [摩陁那] or motuoluo [摩陁羅]. Translated here as inebriating fruit; it is very suitable to ingest).

49.38

Kalaṇa (羯羅那: a Sanskrit word; a variety of bean in the western countries. Ingesting it is very unwholesome for people).

49.39

Fascicle Six

49.40

Restrained and entangled (羇緾: ju + yi fan; leather harness wrapped around a horse's head is called ji. Ji means to restrict; to control and restrain).

49.41

Addicted and besotted (耽媔: du + han fan; the second is wang + shan fan. The Shuowen says: "媅 means to enjoy; to crave. 媔 means addicted to alcohol").

49.42

Frantic and reckless (猖蹶: chi + yang fan; the second is ju + yue fan. It means changing one's temperament; 猖 means wild and crazy).

49.43

Dewlap and so forth (胡等: also written in the two forms 𩑶 and 𠴱, both hu + gu fan; the Shuowen says: "Hu is that which hangs down beneath the chin of an ox").

49.44

Disturbing and churning (撓攪: hu + gao fan; the second is jiao + qiao fan. The Shuowen says: "撓 means to disrupt; 攪 means to disorder").

49.45

Stumbling and falling (傎蹶: also written 蹎, both ding + xian fan; the second is ju + yue fan. 蹎蹶 is like tumbling and falling prostrate).

49.46

Greedily gnawing (貪齩: wu + jiao fan, the pronunciation of the Central Plains; also xia + jiao fan, the pronunciation of Jiangnan. The Shuowen says: "齩 means to bite").

49.47

Privy pig (圂豬: hu + kun fan; the Guangya says: "圊, 圂, and 庰 all mean latrine." It is also written 溷, meaning turbid).

49.48

Rich and fertile (膏腴: gong + lao fan; the second is yu + ju fan. Fertile soil and rich grease; 腴 means fat beneath the belly).

49.49

Fascicle Seven

49.50

Sarala (薩羅羅: a Sanskrit word; 薩羅 translates here as dhārā; 薩 translates here as flavour. It means that the sound of this word is figurative and not substantial).

49.51

Thwarting you (挫汝: zu + wo fan; breaking one's sharp edge is called cuo. The Shuowen says: "挫 means to crush; it also means to suppress; to break").

49.52

Lodestone (礠石: cu + zi fan; the Picang says: "礠石 refers to that which attracts iron").

49.53

Blind eyes (瞽目: gong + hu fan; the Sancang says: "Being without eyes is called gu." The Shiming says: "Gu-mu [blind eye] refers to having eyes dim and closed flat like drum skins").

49.54

Owl (鵂鶹子: xu + qiu fan; the second is li + zhou fan. Lexicons say: "鵂鶹 is the scops owl." The Guangya says: "鵂鶹 is the horned owl." In the regions east of the mountains it is called xunhou; in the Guanzhong region it is called xunhu; it is also called strange bird. It hides by day and moves by night, and its cry is regarded as an omen. In Sanskrit it is called Ulūka. Ulūka was a treatise master who founded the Vaiśeṣika system and expounded the doctrine of the six categories. This sage constantly dwelt in the mountains during the daytime, and came out of the mountains at night to knock on doors and beg for food. If he obtained food, he ate; if not, he went without. Because he traveled at night, he was called 'Owl'. Moreover, this bird often dwells in mountain caves, and this sage did likewise; hence he was named after it).

49.55

Truly abundant (寔繁: shi + zhi fan; the second is fu + yuan fan. The Shuowen says: "寔 means to stop; it also means real." The Shijing says: "寔 their lives are not the same." The commentary says: "寔 means this." It also says: "In the sixth month, 繁 heavy frost." The commentary says: "繁 means abundant." The Liji says: "Confucius's rules of propriety and deference were 繁." Zheng Xuan says: "繁 means flourishing").

49.56

Delicate and pliant (褭𭢟: nu + niao fan; the second is nai + ke fan. 褭𭢟 means soft and fragile; it also means luxuriant and flourishing).

49.57

Joyfully clapping (喜抃: pi + bian fan; the Shuowen says: "Clapping the hands is called bian; it means clapping to musical rhythm").

49.58

Sporting and playing (嬉戲: xu + zhi fan; 嬉 means joy. The Cang Jie pian says: "嬉 is the laughter of playing").

49.59

Broom star (篲星: two fanqie: qiu + rui and su + zui; an ominous star. It refers to the starlight resembling a sweeping broom).

49.60

Fascicle Eight

49.61

Washing away (滌除: tu + di fan; the Shuowen says: "滌 means to wash; it refers to splashing water to remove defilement and dirt").

49.62

Comprehensively mastering (該通: gu + lai fan; 該 means complete. The Fangyan says: "該 means all; it also means to encompass").

49.63

Urinating standing up (立[尸@(水/水)]: also written 浘, both nu + diao fan; the Zilin says: "尿 means urine." The Tongsu wen says: "Exiting the bladder is urine." Medical formulas often write 溺, which is merely a phonetic loan of an ancient character).

49.64

如矟 (shan and zhuo fan [shān + zhuó -> shuò]; the Picang states that a shuò is a spear eighteen feet long).

49.65

寱語 (niu and shi fan [niú + shì -> yì]; the Tongsu wen states: talking in one's sleep is called yì; the Shenglei states: nonsensical talk spoken unconsciously).

49.66

臘縛 (lang and he fan [láng + hé -> là]; in older sūtras written as 羅婆 luópó [lava]; sixty tatkṣaṇas make one lava).

49.67

雙泯 (mi and ren fan [mǐ + rěn -> mǐn]; the Zilin states: fully exhausted; the Guangya states: cut off and annihilated).

49.68

汝曹 (zi and lao fan [zì + láo -> cáo]; cáo means fellows, or a group).

49.69

糺紛 (ju and you fan [jū + yǒu -> jiǔ]; the second character is fu and yun fan [fú + yún -> fēn]; the Guang[ya] states: jiǔ means urgent; the Shuowen jiezi states: three intertwined cords are called jiǔ; jiǔ means twisted and perverted; fēn means disordered, or manifold).

49.70

Fascicle Nine

49.71

根系 (xi and ji fan [xī + jì -> xì]; the Erya states: xì means succession; the Shuowen jiezi states: mi [silk] means binding; the Shiben has a "Chapter on Imperial Genealogies" [Dixi], meaning successive lineages of descendants).

49.72

咀嚼 (cai and yu fan [cái + yǔ -> jǔ]; the second character is cai and ruo fan [cái + ruò -> jué]; jǔ means savoring in the mouth; jǔ also means chewing; jué means biting).

49.73

嬰孩 (yu and ying fan [yū + yíng -> yīng]; the second character is hu and lai fan [hú + lái -> hái]; the Shiming states: the chest is called yīng; holding a child in front of the chest to nurse and raise it is why it is called yīng'ér [infant]; hái refers to the smiling of a small child).

49.74

Fascicle Ten

49.75

服膺 (fu and fu fan [fú + fú -> fú]; yu and jing fan [yū + jīng -> yīng]; the Erya states: fú means undertakings and affairs; yīng means body and self; it means personally serving and practicing the ways and arts; another says: joyfully submitting to it; Guo Pu says: happily obeying; some write 伏 [fú], meaning to wait upon; both are acceptable).

49.76

屢辯 (li and ju fan [lì + jù -> lù]; lǚ means frequently; biàn means rectifying).

49.77

非考 (ku and lao fan [kǔ + lǎo -> kǎo]; it means interrogating and examining; kǎo means questioning and checking).

49.78

自呈 (chi and jing fan [chí + jīng -> chéng]; we note that chéng is like showing or presenting; the Shuowen jiezi states: chéng means flat and level).

49.79

措言 (cu and gu fan [cù + gù -> cuò]; the Cang Jie pian states: cuò means to place, or to arrange, or to apply).

49.80

沃以 (wu and gu fan [wū + gǔ -> wò]; the Tongsu wen states: irrigating is called wò; wò also means pouring over or soaking).

49.81

殉命 (ci and jun fan [cí + jùn -> xùn]; in the Book of Han, Chen Zan says: sacrificing oneself to follow external things is called xùn; xùn also means to exhaust).

49.82

Daśabhūmika-vibhāṣā, Fascicle One

49.83

Compiled by Xuanying

49.84

嘔血 (also written 歐 and 㖃, both forms identical; yu and kou fan [yū + kǒu -> ǒu]; ōu means retching; in Jiangnan some call ōu as kà, pronounced kè; the Shiming states: ōu means bending over; when about to vomit, the back bends over).

49.85

淋下 (li and jin fan [lì + jīn -> lín]; the Shuowen jiezi states: lín means pouring with water; Guo Pu's commentary to the Sancang states: lín means dripping water).

49.86

瘭疽 (bi and yao fan [bǐ + yáo -> biāo]; the second character is qie and yu fan [qiě + yú -> jū]; the Guangcang states: biāo means a maturing abscess; the Shuowen jiezi states: jū means a chronic ulcer; in the treatise text written as 𭼱, which is not the standard form).

49.87

𨥨戟 (also written 𢦵 and 矛, both forms identical; mo and hou fan [mò + hóu -> móu]; the second character is ju and ni fan [jū + nì -> jǐ]; the Shuowen jiezi states: a qiumou is a spear twenty feet long; a jǐ is a polearm with side-blades).

49.88

鐵剗 (also written 鏟, the same; chu and xian fan [chū + xiàn -> chǎn]; the Shuowen jiezi states: a flat iron tool; the Guangya states: chǎn means to scrape down; the Shenglei states: chǎn means leveling; a square blade fitted with a handle).

49.89

鐵槍 (qian and yang fan [qiān + yáng -> qiāng]; the Sancang states: a wooden rod with both ends sharpened is called a qiāng; the Shuowen jiezi states: qiāng means resisting; in the treatise text written as 鏘, the sound of bells; 鏘 is not the proper character here).

49.90

蒺䔧 (zi and li fan [zì + lì -> jí]; the second character is li and shi fan [lì + shī -> lí]; the Erya states: jílí is a plant that creeps over the ground, bearing three-cornered fruits; in the treatise text written with the metal radical as 𨪏 and 鋓, both of which are incorrect).

49.91

鐵臼 (qu and jiu fan [qú + jiǔ -> jiù]; the Yijing states: The Yellow Emperor hollowed wood for pestles and dug the ground for mortars; in the treatise text written as 鈤, which is not the standard form).

49.92

𤜴鼠 (yu and xiu fan [yú + xiù -> yòu]; it resembles a macaque but is larger and of a dark grayish-black color; people east of the Yangtze keep it to catch rats, as it is a vigorous creature).

49.93

㹢玃 (also written 猳, the same; gu and xia fan [gǔ + xiá -> jiā]; the second character is ju and fu fan [jū + fú -> jué]; the Shuowen jiezi states: a large female ape; good at seizing humans and fond of looking back).

49.94

蛟虬 (pronounced jiāo; that which has scales is called a jiāo-dragon; its appearance has a fish body with a tail like a snake, and its skin has pearls; the second character is qu and zhou fan [qú + zhōu -> qiú]; the Guangya states: that with horns is called a qiú-dragon, and that without horns is called a chī-dragon, with a black body and no scales or armor).

49.95

鴈鶩 (pronounced mù; the Erya states: shu-yàn; Li Xun states: wild ones are called yàn, domesticated ones are called mù; mù is the duck).

49.96

慍恨 (yu and wen fan [yū + wèn -> yùn]; the Shuowen jiezi states: yùn means resentment; the Lunyu states: not to feel resentful when unrecognized by others; He Yan states: yùn means anger).

49.97

Fascicle Two

49.98

矯異 (ji and xiao fan [jǐ + xiǎo -> jiǎo]; making false pretenses is called jiǎo; jiǎo means fraudulent; opposing the laws of the ancient kings is called jiǎo; nowadays mostly written as 撟).

49.99

巉巗 (shi and xian fan [shí + xián -> chán]; the second character is also written 巗; the Guangya states: yán means a precipitous appearance).

49.100

曲隈 (niao and hui [niǎo + huí -> wēi]; the Shuowen jiezi states: a curved recess of water, referring to a hidden and secluded place).

49.101

峻峭 (also written 陗 or 𡌔, identical; qie and xiao fan [qiě + xiào -> qiào]; the Tongsu wen states: steep slopes are called qiào; the precipitous height of mountains and hills is also called qiào).

49.102

Fascicle Three and Fascicle Four (neither had glosses originally)

49.103

Fascicle Five

49.104

埤助 (sometimes written 朇, the same; bi and mi fan [bì + mí -> pí]; the Shuowen jiezi states: pí means to increase; it means substantial, supplementing, and aiding).

49.105

鱣魚 (the first character is zhi and lian fan [zhī + lián -> zhān]; the Erya states: the zhān is a large fish; its mouth is under its chin and its body lacks scales and armor; large ones measure two to three zhang; east of the Yangtze it is called the yellow fish [sturgeon]).

49.106

Fascicle Six

49.107

傲誕 (wu and dao fan [wú + dào -> ào]; the second character is tu and dan fan [tú + dǎn -> dàn]; ào means arrogance, referring to lack of respect and flippant contempt; dàn means falsehood, wild recklessness, and deceitful disrespect).

49.108

深榛 (shi and jin fan [shí + jīn -> zhēn]; the Shuowen jiezi states: thickets of trees; the Guangya states: trees growing densely together are called zhēn).

49.109

如縶 (the second character is zhi and li fan [zhī + lì -> zhí]; the Shijing states: tethering and tying it; the commentary says: hobbling, meaning to bind and detain; when both feet cannot stride past each other, it is called zhí).

49.110

Fascicle Seven, Fascicle Eight, and Fascicle Nine (none had glosses originally)

49.111

Fascicle Ten

49.112

符檄 (pronounced fú; the Zilin states: fú means tally-pledge; dividing and recombining is called fú; the character derives from bamboo; by Han regulation, bamboo six inches long was joined together as a pledge of trust; bamboo was chosen for enduring the winter cold without changing, symbolizing the dissemination of virtue; bronze was also used, representing unity of mind between ruler and minister; the second character is xi and di fan [xī + dì -> xí]; the Shuowen jiezi states: a document two feet long; a call-to-arms [xí] document is that which denounces the culpability of those who ought to be attacked; it also sets forth the enemy's evils, explains our virtues, and instructs and comforts the common people; xí means luminous [jiǎo], clearly declaring this side and that side so that all is made manifest as an omen).

49.113

田隖 (wu and gu fan [wū + gǔ -> wù]; the Shuowen jiezi states: a small rampart, or a small fortress).

49.114

Fascicle Eleven, Fascicle Twelve, and Fascicle Thirteen (none of the above had characters requiring phonological gloss or explanation)

49.115

Fascicle Fourteen

49.116

行旅 (lü and ju fan [lǘ + jǔ -> lǚ]; the Zuozhuan states: "a traveler in distress"; Du Yu says: a displaced guest).

49.117

填瑠 (also written 窴, identical; tu and jian fan and tu and jian fan [tú + jiān and tú + jiàn -> tián and tiàn]; the Guangya states: tián means filling up, or fullness; in the treatise text written with the jade radical as 瑱, tuo and jian fan [tuō + jiàn -> tiàn]; a tiàn is an ear-plug gem).

49.118

Bodhisambhāra-śāstra, Fascicle One

49.119

Compiled by Huilin

49.120

倚枕 (the first character is yi and ji fan [yī + jì -> yǐ]; the second character is zhen and ren fan [zhēn + rěn -> zhěn]; we note that an yǐzhěn is a large cushion; brocade, fine patterned silk, and multicolored silk are made into a sack and filled with light, soft material, placed at the left, right, front, and back; honorable and noble persons lean against them, hence called leaning cushions).

49.121

𧷮販 (the first character is shang and zhang fan [shǎng + zhāng -> shǎng]; the Shuowen jiezi states: traveling to trade is called shǎng; it is formed from bèi [cowrie] with the character shāng abbreviated as phonetic; the second character is fa and wan fan [fā + wàn -> fàn]; the dictionaries state: buying cheap and selling dear is called fàn; it is formed from bèi [cowrie] with fǎn as phonetic).

49.122

Fascicle Two

49.123

微𤁷 (ding and li fan [dīng + lì -> dì]; also written 𣾪, both are correct; the Shuowen jiezi states: water continuously pouring; the popular form with dì [as 渧] is incorrect).

49.124

談謔 [to joke and jest] (q- + [y]ao [-> qiao], entering tone. The Erya says: "It means playful teasing"; that is, jesting with one another. The character book says: "謔 means to make fun of").

49.125

Fascicle Three (no words with pronunciations)

49.126

Fascicle Four

49.127

撀牛乳頃 [the time it takes to milk a cow] (g- + [h]ou [-> gou]. The Tongsu wenzi says: "To pull and extract milk from cattle and sheep." It is composed with [the radical] 撀, phonetically abbreviated. In the treatise it is written as 搆, which is a borrowed graph and not the primary character).

49.128

一髆 [one shoulder-blade] (pronounced [b]o. It means shoulder blade. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The shoulder armor [blade]." Composed with 骨 [bone] and phonetically abbreviated from 愽. In the sūtra it is written with 肉 [flesh] as 膊, pronounced p- + [b]o [-> po]. 膊 means dried meat; to cut meat and expose it to the sun to dry).

49.129

一摶 [a roll/wad] (j- + [l]uan [-> juan]. The Boya says: "To grasp with the hand to make [things] stick together." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Composed with 手 [hand] and phonetically abbreviated from 團 [round]." It is also written as 團, which is likewise interchangeable).

49.130

峻崖 [steep cliff] (The first character is sh- + [j]un [-> shun], departing tone. In the sūtra it is written as 峻, a colloquial usage. The Kaosheng says: "The appearance of a tall mountain." It is composed with 陖 and has 山 as the phonetic, with 陖 pronounced the same as above. The second character is y- + [j]ie [-> yai]. The Jixun says: "The high edge where a mountain rises up." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Composed with 山 [mountain] and 厓 as phonetic." 厓 is pronounced the same as above. The character 峻 is also composed with 山 [mountain] and 夋, pronounced q- + [x]un [-> qun]).

49.131

迦柘 [kāca, glass/crystal] (zh- + [y]e [-> zhe], departing tone. In Sanskrit it is the name of a jewel. In the sūtra it is directly said to be a jewel/bead).

49.132

跳擲 [to leap and fling] (The first character is t- + [y]ao [-> tiao]. The Cang Jie pian says: "跳𨁏 [to jump]." The Guangya says: "To ascend." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To leap; to stumble." Composed with 足 [foot] and 兆 as phonetic. The second character is ch- + [j]i [-> zhi]. The Zhuangzi says: "If you throw away jade and crush pearls, petty thieves will not arise." The Guangya says: "擲 means to shake." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To throw." The orthodox form is composed with 手 [hand] and 適 as phonetic. In the treatise it is written from 鄭 as 擲, a vulgar form. The orthodox form in the Shuowen jiezi is composed with 適 and 手 as 擿. 適 is pronounced d- + [l]i [-> di]).

49.133

Fascicle Five

49.134

礦論 [treatise on ores/alchemy] (g- + [m]eng [-> guang], rising tone. The Guangya says: "Unrefined iron is called 磺; unrefined lead is called 鏈." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Unrefined copper or iron." Sometimes written with 黃 as 磺. The treatise says: "Treatises on ores refers to praising and expounding on smelting and sublimating in pursuit of the arts of divine transcendents").

49.135

太[賒-示+未]遠 [too distant/prolonged] (pronounced [sh]e. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: "If the market has no profit, then sell on credit [賒]. To sell goods without yet receiving payment is called 賒." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To sell on credit." Composed with 貝 [cowrie] and 余 as phonetic. 余 is pronounced [sh]e).

49.136

瞬命 [in the blink of a lifetime] (ch- + [r]un [-> chun], departing tone. A vulgar character. The orthodox form is composed with 寅 as 𪱄. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To open and close the eyes, blinking rapidly." The character book says: "A single opening and closing of the eyes." In ancient script it is composed with 申 as [耳*甲], pronounced the same as above).

49.137

伊尼耶鹿王腨 [the calf of the eneya deer-king] (ch- + [r]uan [-> chuan], rising tone. The calf of the leg. It has already been fully explained in the previous sound-and-meaning glossary. Composed with 肉 [flesh] and 耑 as phonetic. In the treatise it is written with 足 as 𬧅, which is incorrect).

49.138

髀𦟛 [thigh and hip] (The first character is pronounced [b]i, or written as 䯗, both in the rising tone. The Wenzi jilüe says: "The outside of the thigh." It was already explained in the previous Prajñā sound-and-meaning glossary. The second character is ch- + [l]ong [-> chong], rising tone).

49.139

眼䀹 [eyelash] (The second character is j- + [y]e [-> jie]. Sometimes written with 建 as 睫, both identical. The Shiji says: "The eye sees a fine down hair but does not see the eyelash." The Kaosheng says: "The hair on the eyelid." The Shiming writes it as [(起-巳+目)-土+(妻-女)], which is a vulgar character. Liu Xi says: "睫 means to insert [插]; to join [接]; inserted into the eye rim and joining together." In the treatise it is written with 妾 as 𥇒, which is also a vulgar character. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The hair beside the eye." Composed with 目 [eye] and 夾 as phonetic. 建 is pronounced q- + [y]e [-> qie]).

49.140

Fascicle Six (no words with pronunciations)

49.141

Great Treatise on Ornamentation (Dazhuangyan lun), in thirteen fascicles; preface by Li Baiyao

49.142

Sounds by Huilin

49.143

執契 [holding the contract/tallies] (The first character is zh- + [r]u [-> zhi], entering tone. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To seize and arrest criminals." Composed with 丮, pronounced j- + [j]i [-> ji], and 𢆎, pronounced n- + [zh]e [-> nie], entering tone. Vulgar usage writes it with 丸, 幸, or 九, which is mistaken vulgar usage. The second character is q- + [j]i [-> qi], departing tone. Zheng Zhong's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: "契 are tally-documents." The Yijing says: "In high antiquity they tied knots to govern; later sages replaced this with written contracts." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A great bond." Composed with 大 and 㓞 as phonetic. The character 契 in the Shuowen jiezi is composed with 刀 and 龶; 龶 is pronounced f- + [?] [-> fen]; 㓞 is pronounced q- + [b]a [-> qia], entering tone. Those written with 刃 and 龶 as 㓞 are non-standard characters).

49.144

持綫 [holding a thread] (x- + [j]ian [-> xian], departing tone. Zheng Zhong's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: "綫 means thread." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed with 糸 [silk] and 戔 as phonetic." 戔 is pronounced [c]an, composed of two repeated 戈 [halberd]. In the treatise it is written as 線, a vulgar character and not the orthodox form).

49.145

韁鎖 [bridles and chains] (The first character is pronounced [j]iang. The Hanshu says: "Penetrating the bridle of benevolence and clamor, tied by the reins and chains of fame and reputation." The Cang Jie pian says: "A horse halter." The Shuowen jiezi writes it with 糸 as 繮. The Yupian writes it with 革 as 韁, identical to the treatise. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A halter is also a horse bridle." The second character is s- + [g]uo [-> suo], rising tone. The Cang Jie says: "A lock with interlocking rings." The Kaosheng says: "A lock-chain." Composed with 金 and 𧴪, pronounced the same as above. The Shuowen jiezi writes it with 玉 as 璅. In the treatise, some copies write it with 巢 as 鏁, which is incorrect).

49.146

懸[蒰-殳+(券-刀+(恭-共))] [hanging vines] (The second character is d- + [n]eng [-> deng]. The Jixun says: "A creeping vine." Pronounced l- + [g]ui [-> lei]. A vine is a plant that has branch-tendrils extending like kudzu and the like. In the Yue regions it is called teng. The Gujin zhengzi says: "Composed with 艸 [grass] and 滕 as phonetic." The character 𣽨 in the Shuowen jiezi is composed with 舟, 龹, and 水, with 龹 also serving as phonetic. 龹 is pronounced j- + [y]uan [-> juan], rising tone).

49.147

奈苑 [Nai Park (Vārāṇasī Park)] (The first character is n- + [d]a [-> nai], which refers to Vārāṇasī country in India. The second character is w- + [y]uan [-> wan], rising tone, which refers to the Deer Park in this country. The composer of the preface abbreviated the name by omitting characters, hence calling it 'Naiyuan').

49.148

隩室 [inner chamber] (The first character is w- + [g]ao [-> ao], departing tone. Furthermore, the Liji says: "The southwest corner of a chamber is called the 隩 [inner sanctum], referring to its depth." The Yunying says: "隩 means a recess or nook." Also written as 奧).

49.149

之儔 [their peer/comrade] (zh- + [l]iu [-> chou]. The Jixun says: "儔 means counterpart or peer").

49.150

撰焉 [composed it] (The first character is zh- + [j]uan [-> zhuan], rising tone. A rising-tone character. The Yunying says: "撰 means to compile and write." The Zijing says: "撰 means to assemble." The Kaosheng says: "To create; to arrange." The Jixun says: "To order and select." The Wenzidian shuo says: "To determine." The Zitong says: "To prepare fully." The Gujin zhengzi says: "To discuss the virtues of one's ancestors; to relate and create." Composed with 手 [hand] and phonetically abbreviated from 巽. The Shuowen jiezi writes it with two 卪 as 弜, with sound and gloss same as above. The Hanshu writes it with 算; 算 is pronounced s- + [d]uan [-> suan], rising tone; written with 日 as 篹, which is also an ancient form of 撰. The treatise is the same as the Hanshu; this ancient character 篹 is not used today. The second character is y- + [q]ian [-> yan]. A phonetic borrowing. It is an utterance particle. Its original pronunciation is y- + [y]an [-> yan]. The yan bird is yellow-colored, found in the Yangzi and Huai rivers, belonging to the crow family. Therefore it is composed of 烏 with one stroke added to distinguish it from 烏. It is an ideographic compound. Nowadays people sometimes write it with 正 and 与 as 焉, imitating the seal script form of 焉).

49.151

步驟 [paced and galloped] (ch- + [sh]ou [-> chou], departing tone. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A horse galloping swiftly." A phono-semantic character).

49.152

端扆 [upright before the screen] (y- + [q]i [-> yi], rising tone. The Erya says: "The space between the window and the door is called the 扆 [screen]." Guo [Pu's] commentary says: "East of the window and west of the door frame." Also a phono-semantic character).

49.153

標生遠 [to hold up [Dao]sheng and [Hui]yuan] (b- + [y]ao [-> biao]. The Kaosheng says: "標 means to raise up; to write down." Composed with 木 [wood]).

49.154

慧賾 [Huize] (zh- + [z]e [-> ze], entering tone. The Erya says: "賾 means deep; to contain." Composed with [〡*臣] and 責 as phonetic. The name of an eminent monk. [〡*臣] is pronounced [y]i).

49.155

玄謩 [Xuanmo] (m- + [p]u [-> mo]. An ancient character. Also the name of an eminent monk. Nowadays it is sometimes written as 謨. 謨 means to plan).

49.156

簫璟 [Xiao Jing] (g- + [y]ong [-> jing], rising tone. A phonetic borrowing. The original sound was [y]ing. Also coined by early scholars of recent times and transmitted for common use; within the rhyme of the character 冏, this character 璟 is absent).

49.157

[栗-木+(目/出/〡)]恖 [deeply contemplate] (The first character is t- + [n]an [-> tan]. The Erya says: "覃 means to extend." The character book says: "Deep." The Kaosheng says: "Long." The Yunquan says: "To reach." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Long-lasting flavor." Composed with [日/(凵@中)/〡], pronounced [h]ou, and phonetically abbreviated from 醎. The second character is s- + [z]i [-> si], departing tone. The Kaosheng says: "To worry; to quietly contemplate." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed with 囟, pronounced x- + [?] [-> xin], and 心 [heart]." An ideographic compound).

49.158

Great Treatise on Ornamentation, Fascicle One

49.159

搆角 [milking the horn] (A character mistakenly used by the translator of the treatise. The orthodox form is composed with 手 and 𣪊 as 撀, pronounced g- + [h]ou [-> gou], from the Kaosheng. It means to pull and extract milk from cattle and sheep. 搆 does not have this meaning and is very contrary to the treatise's purport).

49.160

忖度 [to fathom and deliberate] (The first character is c- + [s]un [-> cun], rising tone. The character book says: "忖 also means to deliberate [度]." The second character is t- + [l]uo [-> duo], entering tone. The Kaosheng says: "To measure; to scheme." A phonetic borrowing).

49.161

Fascicle Two

49.162

讋怖 [terrified and frightened] (The first character is zh- + [y]e [-> zhe], entering tone. Again, a character used by mistake. The treatise means terrified and frightened, which ought to be written with 心 as 懾; 懾 also means afraid, the extreme of fear. Although 讋 has the same pronunciation, it refers to garrulous speech; its meaning does not correspond, so it is said to be used mistakenly).

49.163

須憒 [momentarily confused] (The first character is x- + [y]u [-> xu]. Vulgar usage writes it with 水 [water], which is incorrect. The orthodox form in the Shuowen jiezi is composed with 立 and 須 as 𩓣, meaning to wait. The character 須 is composed with 彡, pronounced [sh]an, not 水. The form composed with 水 and 頁 is the character 悔, pronounced h- + [w]ai [-> hui], departing tone. The second character is h- + [d]ui [-> hui], departing tone. The Kaosheng says: "Breached and ruptured." The Yunquan says: "A hole/cavity." The Yunying says: "Scattered").

49.164

Fascicles Three and Four (the above have no characters requiring pronunciation)

49.165

Fascicle Five

49.166

被鉀 [donning armor] (pronounced [j]ia, iron armor).

49.167

Fascicle Six

49.168

蟒吸 [the python吸/sucking] (The first character is m- + [b]ang [-> mang], rising tone. The king of snakes is called a python. The Shanhaijing says: "The Ba serpent swallows elephants and only expels their bones after three years." The Erya says: "蟒 is the king snake." Guo's commentary says: "The python is the largest of snakes, hence called 蟒." The second character is x- + [y]i [-> xi], entering tone. Whenever a giant snake wishes to swallow something, it first exhales toxic vapors over its prey, and then draws it in by suction and swallows it).

49.169

吐涎 [spitting saliva] (x- + [y]an [-> xian]. A vulgar character; the orthodox form is 㳄. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Moisture in the mouth." Composed with 水 [water] and 欠. Although the orthodox form, because it was confused with the character 次, it was not used in contemporary times. Shu Xi wrote it as 唌; [Jia] Yi wrote it as 湵; the Great Seal script of Shi Zhou wrote it as 𣵿. These were all variations created by former scholars each following their own inclinations).

49.170

如撥 [like a raft] (f- + [w]a [-> fa], entering tone. The character is composed with 木 [wood] and 發 as phonetic. The Kaosheng says: "Binding bamboo or timber alongside each other to float upon water is called a 橃 [raft]." In the treatise it is written as 栰, a vulgar character).

49.171

疫癘 [pestilence and epidemic] (The first character is pronounced [y]i; the second character is pronounced [l]i. An epidemic illness affecting the multitude).

49.172

凹凸 [concave and convex] (The first character is w- + [g]ua [-> wa]. A vulgar character; it is pictographic. The orthodox form is composed with 穴 as 窊; sometimes written as 窪, also used interchangeably. The second character is t- + [n]ie [-> tu], entering tone. Also a vulgar pictographic character. The orthodox form is 垤, composed with 土 [earth] and phonetically abbreviated from 姪. The Book of Documents says: "垤 are ant mounds; 垤 means rising high").

49.173

Fascicles Seven and Eight (the above have no characters with pronunciations or glosses)

49.174

Fascicle Nine

49.175

莖擢 [stalks shooting up] (The first character is x- + [g]eng [-> jing]; the second character is ch- + [x]ue [-> zhuo]).

49.176

Fascicle Ten

49.177

對治 [antidote / counteracting] (The first character 對 in the Shuowen jiezi is composed with 丵, pronounced ch- + [x]ue [-> chao]; composed with 士, pronounced [sh]i; and composed with 寸. The second character 治 is pronounced [ch]i. The character book says: "To govern and manage").

49.178

螽蟴 [katydid] (The first character is pronounced [zh]ong; the second character is pronounced [s]i. The Yunquan says: "The 螽蟖 is of the locust and grasshopper kind." The Commentary on the Mao Odes says: "螽蟴 is the 蜙蜎." Colloquially called buzhong. 蜙 is pronounced [zh]ong. It has already been explained in the earlier text).

49.179

勍敵 [formidable enemy] (The first character is j- + [y]ing [-> qing], departing tone. The Kaosheng says: "勍 means very strong." The Guangya says: "勍勍 means the appearance of martial prowess." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Strong." Composed with 力 [strength] and 京 as phonetic. The second character is t- + [d]i [-> di], entering tone. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "敵 means an opponent." The Fangyan says: "Between Qin and Jin, those of equal strength are called 敵." The Guangya says: "敵 means peers." The Shuowen jiezi says: "An enemy/foe." Composed with 攴 and phonetically abbreviated from 滴).

49.180

閱眾 [reviewing the assembly] (The first character is pronounced [y]ue. The Yunying says: "To take full tally within the gate is called 閱." The Zuo zhuan says: "To inspect the chariots and horses before them." The Shuowen jiezi says: "When people are fully counted within a gate, it is called 閱." Composed with 門 [gate] and 兌 as phonetic. The second character 眾 in the Shuowen jiezi means many. Composed with 𠂢, pronounced y- + [?] [-> yin], and horizontal 目 [eyes]; this indicates the sense of a multitude, an ideographic compound).

49.181

Fascicles Eleven, Twelve, and Thirteen (the above three fascicles have no characters with pronunciations or glosses)

49.182

Mahālaṃkāra-śāstra (Dazhuangyan jing lun), Fascicle One

49.183

Compiled by Xuanying

49.184

懍厲 (The first character has the fanqie 力甚 [lìn]. The second character should properly be written 悷, with the fanqie 力計 [lì]. The Picang states: '懍悷 describes mournful moaning.' Also, 懍 indicates a countenance of fear. The Fangyan states: '懍 means reverent.')

49.185

攘袂 (The first character has the fanqie 而羊 [ráng]; 攘 means to push up or sweep back. The second character has the fanqie 彌蔽 [mèi]. The Ziyuan states: '袂 means [cuff or sleeve]; it is the sleeve of a garment.' Rolling up the sleeves of a garment to bare the arms is called 攘袂 [rolling up one's sleeves].)

49.186

閑裕 (The second character has the fanqie 榆句 [yù]; 裕 means relaxed or leisurely. The Guangya states: '裕 means broad and generous; it also means abundant and sufficient.')

49.187

愀然 (Also written 愀, both identical, with the fanqie 在酒 [qiǎo]. The Liji says: 'Confucius became solemn and changed countenance [愀然變色],' referring to the appearance of his countenance shifting, an expression of stern displeasure.)

49.188

鵄鵂 (The first character has the fanqie 尺脂 [chī]. The second character has the fanqie 許牛 [xiū]. The Erya says: 'The 鵅 is the jīqī.' Guo Pu says: 'Today south of the Yangtze the 鵄鵂 is called the 鈎鵅, pronounced like 格; it is an uncanny bird, blind by day and seeing by night. West of the Pass it is called xùnhóu; east of the Mountains it is called xùnhú.')

49.189

黔毘 (The first character has the fanqie 渠炎 [qián]. According to the character's analysis, 黔 means black-headed.)

49.190

Fascicle Two

49.191

儲積 (The first character has the fanqie 直於 [chú]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '儲 means to store up (偫), to lay in store, to await.' 偫 has the fanqie 直里 [zhì].)

49.192

棖上 (The first character has the fanqie 宅庚 [chéng]. We note that 棖 is like a pillar. Stūpa pillars are all written with 棖. The Shuowen jiezi states: '棖 means pillar-timber.')

49.193

地跌 (The second character has the fanqie 徒結 [dié]. The Guangya states: '跌 means to stumble or err.' Dictionaries state: '跌 means to slip and stumble.')

49.194

匍匐 (The first character has the fanqie 步胡 [pú]. The second character has the fanqie 蒲北 [fú]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '匍匐 means crawling forward on hand and knees; it also means to stumble and exert all one's strength.')

49.195

親昵 (Also written 暱, both identical, with the fanqie 女乙 [nì]. The Erya states: '昵 means close.' It also says: '暱 means frequent.' 親 [intimate] also means repeatedly drawing close. 亟 has the fanqie 袪記 [qì].)

49.196

倚俹 (The first character has the fanqie 於蟻 [yǐ]; 倚 is like relying upon. The second character has the fanqie 烏訝 [yà]. Dictionaries state: '俹 means to lean against.' Nowadays, colloquial expressions such as 'leaning down to rest' (俹息) and 'leaning back to sleep' (俹臥) all use this.)

49.197

羂𰐞 (The Sancang writes 𦍃; it is also written 罥, both identical, with the fanqie 古犬 [juǎn]. The Shenglei states: 'To bind and capture beasts with a cord.' The second character has the fanqie 渠向 [jiàng]. The Yunji states: 'To set a snare across a path is called 弶. Nowadays hunters set snares to trap birds and beasts, their shape resembling a bow.' The treatise text writes 𣚦, which is a vulgar variant.)

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese