續一切經音義 2.36

2.36

地獄（下虐錄反史記皐陶始作獄杜預注周禮云爭財曰訟也爭罪曰獄風俗通云三王為獄夏曰夏臺殷曰羑里周曰囹圄自秦漢已後通名為獄說文從犾言二犬相噬言以訟之會意字也今經中言地獄者地底也謂在贍部之下故言地獄故俱舍論云此下過二萬無間深廣同上七捺落迦八增皆十六廣如論釋）。

地獄 (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie *y-*, [yu], from 虐 and 錄. The *Shiji* states that Gaoyao first established prisons. Du Yu's commentary on the *Zhouli* states: 'Disputes over wealth are called litigation (訟); disputes over crimes are called trials/prisons (獄).' The *Fengsu tong* states: 'The Three Kings instituted prisons: Xia called it the Xia Terrace, the Yin called it Youli, and the Zhou called it the Lingyu. From the Qin and Han onward, they were universally called prisons (獄).' The *Shuowen* states: 'It takes 犾 and 言; two dogs biting each other and speech used to litigate it. It is an associative compound character.' Now, when the sūtras speak of 'earth prisons' (地獄, naraka), it means subterranean; because they are beneath Jambudvīpa, they are called 'earth prisons'. Thus the *Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya* states: 'Descending twenty thousand [yojanas] beneath this, the depth and breadth of Avīci are the same as the seven narakas above; the eight supplementary [hells] each have sixteen,' as fully explained in the treatise.)