翻譯名義集 1.254

1.254

【優婆塞優婆夷】肇曰：「義名信士男、信士女。」《淨名疏》云：「此云清淨士、清淨女。亦云善宿男、善宿女。雖在居家，持五戒，男女不同宿，故云善宿。」此未可定用。荊溪云：「依餘經文，但云近佛，得善宿名。不可定云男女不同宿也。」《涅槃疏》云：「一日一夜受八戒者，名為善宿優婆塞。」《西域記》云：「鄔波索迦，唐言近事男。舊曰伊蒲塞，又曰優婆塞，皆訛也。鄔波斯迦，唐言近事女。舊優婆斯，又曰優婆夷，皆訛也。言近事者，親近承事諸佛法故。」《後漢書》名伊蒲塞，注云即優婆塞也。中華翻為近住，言受戒行，堪近僧住也。或名檀那者，《要覽》曰：「梵語陀那鉢底，唐言施主，今稱檀那，訛陀為檀，去鉢底留那也。」思大乘論云：「能破慳悋嫉妬，及貧窮下賤苦，故稱陀。後得大富，及能引福德資糧，故稱那。又稱檀越者，檀，即施也。此人行施，越貧窮海。」

[Upāsaka and Upāsikā] Sengzhao says: 'In meaning they are named faithful layman (xinshi nan) and faithful laywoman (xinshi nü).' The Commentary on the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa says: 'Here called pure layman and pure laywoman. Also called "man of wholesome dwelling" and "woman of wholesome dwelling." Although living at home, they uphold the five precepts, and men and women do not cohabit; hence it is called "wholesome dwelling."' This cannot yet be definitively adopted. Jingxi says: 'According to other scripture passages, it merely says being near the Buddha earns the name "wholesome dwelling"; one cannot definitively say men and women do not cohabit.' The Commentary on the Nirvāṇa Sūtra says: 'One who receives the eight precepts for a single day and night is named an upāsaka of wholesome dwelling.' The Xiyu ji says: 'Upāsaka in Tang is called "man of close service" (jinshi nan). Formerly called yipuse, and also called youpose, which are both erroneous. Upāsikā in Tang is called "woman of close service" (jinshi nü). Formerly called youposi, and also called youpoyi, which are both erroneous. "Close service" means closely drawing near and serving the various teachings of the Buddha.' The Hou Han shu calls them yipuse, with a note saying it is upāsaka. In China it is translated as "dwelling close" (jinzhu), meaning that by receiving precepts and practice, one is fit to dwell close to the saṅgha. They are also called dāna; the Yaolan says: 'Sanskrit dānapati in Tang is called "patron of giving" (shizhu); now calling them dānna (dāna) is an error of da for dan, omitting pati and retaining na.' The Treatise on the Great Vehicle by Huisi says: 'Able to break stinginess, jealousy, and the suffering of poverty and lowliness, one is therefore called dā; subsequently obtaining great wealth and being able to draw in the provisions of merit, one is therefore called na. They are also called dānayue (dānapati): dān is giving; this person practices giving, crossing over (yue) the ocean of poverty.'