翻譯名義集 1.254

1.254

[Upāsaka and Upāsikā] Sengzhao says: 'In meaning they are named faithful layman (xinshi nan) and faithful laywoman (xinshi nü).' The Commentary on the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa says: 'Here called pure layman and pure laywoman. Also called "man of wholesome dwelling" and "woman of wholesome dwelling." Although living at home, they uphold the five precepts, and men and women do not cohabit; hence it is called "wholesome dwelling."' This cannot yet be definitively adopted. Jingxi says: 'According to other scripture passages, it merely says being near the Buddha earns the name "wholesome dwelling"; one cannot definitively say men and women do not cohabit.' The Commentary on the Nirvāṇa Sūtra says: 'One who receives the eight precepts for a single day and night is named an upāsaka of wholesome dwelling.' The Xiyu ji says: 'Upāsaka in Tang is called "man of close service" (jinshi nan). Formerly called yipuse, and also called youpose, which are both erroneous. Upāsikā in Tang is called "woman of close service" (jinshi nü). Formerly called youposi, and also called youpoyi, which are both erroneous. "Close service" means closely drawing near and serving the various teachings of the Buddha.' The Hou Han shu calls them yipuse, with a note saying it is upāsaka. In China it is translated as "dwelling close" (jinzhu), meaning that by receiving precepts and practice, one is fit to dwell close to the saṅgha. They are also called dāna; the Yaolan says: 'Sanskrit dānapati in Tang is called "patron of giving" (shizhu); now calling them dānna (dāna) is an error of da for dan, omitting pati and retaining na.' The Treatise on the Great Vehicle by Huisi says: 'Able to break stinginess, jealousy, and the suffering of poverty and lowliness, one is therefore called dā; subsequently obtaining great wealth and being able to draw in the provisions of merit, one is therefore called na. They are also called dānayue (dānapati): dān is giving; this person practices giving, crossing over (yue) the ocean of poverty.'