翻譯名義集 1.62

1.62

《世本》云：「言姓即在上，言氏即在下。」《西域記》云：「姓者所以繫統百世使不別也，氏者所以別子孫之所出也。族姓殊者，有四流焉：一婆羅門，淨行也，守道居貞潔白其操。二剎帝利，王種也，奕世君臨仁恕為志。三吠奢，商賈也，貿遷有無逐利遠近。四戎陀羅，農人也，肆力疇壟。勤身稼穡。」《智度論》云：「隨時所尚，佛生其中。釋迦出剛強之世，托王種以振威；迦葉生善順之時，居淨行以標德。故佛諸文姓有六種：一瞿曇，二甘蔗，三日種，四釋迦，五舍夷，六剎利。」今具釋之。

The Shiben says: "Speaking of xing (ancestral surname), it is above; speaking of shi (lineage name), it is below." The Xiyu ji says: "Ancestral surnames are that by which lineages are tied through a hundred generations so they do not diverge; lineage names are that by which descendants are distinguished according to their descent. Those of distinct clans and surnames have four streams: first, Brāhmaṇas, of pure practice, who guard the Way, reside in chastity, and keep their conduct pure and white. Second, Kṣatriyas, of the royal line, who reign through successive generations and take benevolence and forbearance as their aim. Third, Vaiśyas, the merchants, who trade and exchange what they have for what they have not, pursuing profit near and far. Fourth, Śūdras, the agriculturalists, who apply their strength to fields and furrows, toiling in sowing and reaping." The Dazhidu lun says: "In whatever was esteemed by the times, the Buddha was born among them. Śākya appeared in an age of obstinacy, so he took birth in the royal lineage to assert authority; Kāśyapa was born in a time of goodness and compliance, so he dwelt in pure practice to manifest virtue. Therefore across the texts, the Buddha has six family names: first, Gautama; second, Ikṣvāku; third, Sūryavaṃśa; fourth, Śākya; fifth, Śākiya; sixth, Kṣatriya." We now explain them in full.