翻譯名義集 1.62

1.62

The Shiben says: "Speaking of xing (ancestral surname), it is above; speaking of shi (lineage name), it is below." The Xiyu ji says: "Ancestral surnames are that by which lineages are tied through a hundred generations so they do not diverge; lineage names are that by which descendants are distinguished according to their descent. Those of distinct clans and surnames have four streams: first, Brāhmaṇas, of pure practice, who guard the Way, reside in chastity, and keep their conduct pure and white. Second, Kṣatriyas, of the royal line, who reign through successive generations and take benevolence and forbearance as their aim. Third, Vaiśyas, the merchants, who trade and exchange what they have for what they have not, pursuing profit near and far. Fourth, Śūdras, the agriculturalists, who apply their strength to fields and furrows, toiling in sowing and reaping." The Dazhidu lun says: "In whatever was esteemed by the times, the Buddha was born among them. Śākya appeared in an age of obstinacy, so he took birth in the royal lineage to assert authority; Kāśyapa was born in a time of goodness and compliance, so he dwelt in pure practice to manifest virtue. Therefore across the texts, the Buddha has six family names: first, Gautama; second, Ikṣvāku; third, Sūryavaṃśa; fourth, Śākya; fifth, Śākiya; sixth, Kṣatriya." We now explain them in full.