翻譯名義集 2.144

2.144

【鳩槃茶】亦云槃查，亦云俱槃荼，此云甕形。舊云冬瓜，此神陰如冬瓜，行置肩上，坐便踞之，即厭魅鬼。梵語烏蘇慢，此云厭。《字苑》云：「厭，眠內不祥也。」《蒼頡篇》云：「伏合人心曰厭。」《論衡》曰：「臥厭，不寤者也。字本作厭，後人加鬼。」

[Kumbhāṇḍa] Also written as pancha, and also written as gubantu; this translates as 'urn-shaped'. Formerly translated as 'winter melon', because the genitals of this spirit resemble a winter melon: when walking, he rests them on his shoulder, and when sitting, he crouches upon them; this is the ghost of nightmare oppression. In Sanskrit it is *usuman*, which translates as 'oppression'. The *Ziyuan* says: '"Oppression" (yan) means an ill omen during sleep.' The *Cang Jie pian* says: 'Concealing and matching the human mind is called "oppression".' The *Lunheng* says: 'Nightmare oppression refers to sleeping and being unable to wake. The character was originally written as yan (oppression); later people added the radical gui (ghost).'