翻譯名義集 2.144

2.144

[Kumbhāṇḍa] Also written as pancha, and also written as gubantu; this translates as 'urn-shaped'. Formerly translated as 'winter melon', because the genitals of this spirit resemble a winter melon: when walking, he rests them on his shoulder, and when sitting, he crouches upon them; this is the ghost of nightmare oppression. In Sanskrit it is *usuman*, which translates as 'oppression'. The *Ziyuan* says: '"Oppression" (yan) means an ill omen during sleep.' The *Cang Jie pian* says: 'Concealing and matching the human mind is called "oppression".' The *Lunheng* says: 'Nightmare oppression refers to sleeping and being unable to wake. The character was originally written as yan (oppression); later people added the radical gui (ghost).'