翻譯名義集 2.202

2.202

【瞿摩帝】此云牛。《易》曰：「服牛乘馬，引重致遠。」注云：「稼穡之資。」《垂裕記》暹云：「《大論》曰：『放牛難陀問佛：「有幾法成熟，能令牛群蕃息？有幾法不成熟，令牛群不增，不得安隱？」佛答：「牧牛有十一事，頌曰：解色與相應（二），摩刷覆瘡痍（二），放煙並茂草（二），安隱及度處（二），時宜留取餘（二），將護於大牛（一）。比丘亦如是，知四大造色（一）；善別愚智相（一）；摩刷六情根（一）；善覆十善相（一）；傳所誦為烟（一）；四意止茂草（一）；十二部安處（一）；八聖道度處（一）；莫受輕賤請，名曰知時宜（一）；知足為留餘（一）；敬護是將護（一）。此十一事，即小乘附事觀心。」』」《譬喻經》云：「昔二兄弟，志念各異。兄謂弟曰：『卿貪家事，以財為貴；吾好經道，以慧為珍。今欲捨家，歸命福田。』兄遂出家，夙夜精進，得成道果。弟貪家事，命終墮牛，肥盛甚大，客買運鹽，往還羸頓，不能復前。兄游虛空，遙見其牛，即以威神，令弟自知。遂為牛主說其本末。賈客聞之，捨牛入寺，兄常將養，死生忉利。」

[Gomatī] (瞿摩帝): Here translated as 'cow/ox' (牛). The *Book of Changes* says: 'Yoking oxen and mounting horses to pull heavy loads to distant places.' The commentary says: 'Resources for agriculture.' In the *Chuiyu ji*, Zhan says: 'The *Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra* says: "The oxherd Nanda asked the Buddha: 'With how many things fulfilled can a herd of cattle flourish? With how many things unfulfilled does a herd of cattle not increase and fail to find peace?' The Buddha replied: 'In tending cattle there are eleven matters. The verse says: Knowing the colors and marks corresponding (two), brushing and covering sores (two), making smoke and finding lush grass (two), safe places and crossing points (two), knowing the proper times and leaving a surplus (two), and protecting the great oxen (one). A bhikṣu is also like this: knowing the forms created by the four great elements (one); skillfully discerning the marks of fools and the wise (one); brushing the six sense faculties (one); skillfully covering the marks of the ten good deeds (one); spreading what is recited as smoke (one); taking the four foundations of mindfulness as lush grass (one); taking the twelve divisions [of scripture] as safe places (one); taking the eightfold noble path as crossing points (one); not accepting invitations that are debased, which is called knowing the proper times (one); knowing contentment as leaving a surplus (one); and reverent care as protecting [the great oxen] (one). These eleven matters are the Śrāvakayāna contemplating the mind by relying on worldly matters."' The *Avadāna Sūtra* says: 'Formerly there were two brothers whose aspirations were completely different. The elder brother said to the younger: "You are greedy for household matters and value wealth; I love the path of the scriptures and treasure wisdom. Now I wish to leave household life and take refuge in the field of merit." The elder brother thereupon went forth from home, was diligent day and night, and attained the fruit of the Way. The younger brother was greedy for household matters; when his life ended, he was reborn as an ox, exceedingly plump and large. A merchant bought it to transport salt; trudging back and forth, it grew exhausted and could no longer move forward. The elder brother traveled through the empty sky and saw the ox from afar; thereupon, using his spiritual powers, he made the younger brother recognize his own past. He then explained the whole story to the ox's owner. Hearing this, the merchant released the ox into the monastery. The elder brother constantly cared for it, and upon dying it was born in Trāyastriṃśa.'