翻譯名義集 2.202

2.202

[Gomatī] (瞿摩帝): Here translated as 'cow/ox' (牛). The *Book of Changes* says: 'Yoking oxen and mounting horses to pull heavy loads to distant places.' The commentary says: 'Resources for agriculture.' In the *Chuiyu ji*, Zhan says: 'The *Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra* says: "The oxherd Nanda asked the Buddha: 'With how many things fulfilled can a herd of cattle flourish? With how many things unfulfilled does a herd of cattle not increase and fail to find peace?' The Buddha replied: 'In tending cattle there are eleven matters. The verse says: Knowing the colors and marks corresponding (two), brushing and covering sores (two), making smoke and finding lush grass (two), safe places and crossing points (two), knowing the proper times and leaving a surplus (two), and protecting the great oxen (one). A bhikṣu is also like this: knowing the forms created by the four great elements (one); skillfully discerning the marks of fools and the wise (one); brushing the six sense faculties (one); skillfully covering the marks of the ten good deeds (one); spreading what is recited as smoke (one); taking the four foundations of mindfulness as lush grass (one); taking the twelve divisions [of scripture] as safe places (one); taking the eightfold noble path as crossing points (one); not accepting invitations that are debased, which is called knowing the proper times (one); knowing contentment as leaving a surplus (one); and reverent care as protecting [the great oxen] (one). These eleven matters are the Śrāvakayāna contemplating the mind by relying on worldly matters."' The *Avadāna Sūtra* says: 'Formerly there were two brothers whose aspirations were completely different. The elder brother said to the younger: "You are greedy for household matters and value wealth; I love the path of the scriptures and treasure wisdom. Now I wish to leave household life and take refuge in the field of merit." The elder brother thereupon went forth from home, was diligent day and night, and attained the fruit of the Way. The younger brother was greedy for household matters; when his life ended, he was reborn as an ox, exceedingly plump and large. A merchant bought it to transport salt; trudging back and forth, it grew exhausted and could no longer move forward. The elder brother traveled through the empty sky and saw the ox from afar; thereupon, using his spiritual powers, he made the younger brother recognize his own past. He then explained the whole story to the ox's owner. Hearing this, the merchant released the ox into the monastery. The elder brother constantly cared for it, and upon dying it was born in Trāyastriṃśa.'