翻譯名義集 2.41

2.41

【夜叉】此云勇健，亦云暴惡。舊云閱叉。《西域記》云：「藥叉，舊訛曰夜叉，能飛騰空中。」什曰：「秦言貴人，亦言輕健。有三種：一在地，二在虛空，三天夜叉。地夜叉，但以財施，故不能飛空。天夜叉，以車馬施，故能飛行。」肇曰：「天夜叉居下二天，守天城池門閣。」

[Yakṣa] Translated here as valiant and strong, and also as fierce and evil. Formerly called Yuecha. The *Records of the Western Regions* states: 'Yākṣa, formerly corrupted as yakṣa, is able to fly through the air.' Kumārajīva said: 'In the language of Qin it means noble person, and also light and agile. There are three kinds: first, on the earth; second, in the empty sky; third, heavenly yakṣas. Earth yakṣas gave only material wealth in charity, so they cannot fly in the air. Heavenly yakṣas gave chariots and horses in charity, so they are able to fly.' Sengzhao said: 'Heavenly yakṣas dwell in the lower two heavens, guarding the heavenly cities, moats, gates, and towers.'