翻譯名義集 3.131

3.131

【娑羅】此云堅固。北遠云：「冬夏不改，故名堅固。」《西域記》云：「其樹類斛，而皮青白，葉甚光潤，四樹特高。」《華嚴音義》翻為高遠，其林森聳，出於餘林也。後分云：「娑羅林間，縱廣十二由旬，天人大眾，皆悉遍滿。尖頭針峯，受無邊眾，間無空缺，不相障蔽。」《大經》云：「東方雙者，喻常、無常；南方雙者，喻樂、無樂；西方雙者，喻我、無我；北方雙者，喻淨、不淨。四方各雙，故名雙樹，方面皆悉一枯一榮。」後分云：「東方一雙，在於佛後；西方一雙，在於佛前；南方一雙，在於佛足；北方一雙，在於佛首。入涅槃已，東西二雙，合為一樹；南北二雙，亦合為一。二合皆悉垂覆如來，其樹慘然，皆悉變白。」

[Śāla] This means "firm and solid." Northern Yuan says: "Because it does not alter in winter or summer, it is named firm and solid." The *Record of the Western Regions* says: "This tree resembles the *hu* oak, but its bark is greenish-white, its leaves are very glossy, and four trees are exceptionally tall." The *Pronunciation and Meaning of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra* translates it as "lofty and distant"; its forest rises high and towering, surpassing other forests. The *Later Part [of the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra]* says: "The śāla forest is twelve yojanas in length and breadth, and the assemblies of devas and humans are all completely filled throughout it. The sharp tip of a single needle accommodates boundless multitudes, with no gap in between, not obstructing one another." The *Great Sūtra* says: "The pair in the eastern direction signifies the permanent and the impermanent; the pair in the southern direction signifies bliss and non-bliss; the pair in the western direction signifies the self and the non-self; the pair in the northern direction signifies the pure and the impure. There is a pair in each of the four directions, hence they are named the 'twin trees'; each direction has one withered and one flourishing." The *Later Part* says: "The pair in the east is behind the Buddha; the pair in the west is in front of the Buddha; the pair in the south is at the Buddha's feet; the pair in the north is at the Buddha's head. After he entered nirvāṇa, the two pairs in the east and west merged into one tree; the two pairs in the south and north also merged into one. Both merged pairs drooped down and covered the Tathāgata; the trees were desolate and grieved, and all turned white."