翻譯名義集 3.49

3.49

【迦毘羅皤窣都】迦毘羅，此云黃色。皤窣都，此云所依處。上古有僊曰黃頭，依此修道。《西域記》云：「劫比羅伐窣堵，舊曰迦毘羅衛，訛也。」或名迦維衛，或名迦夷，此云赤澤。或名婆兜釋翅搜，此云能仁住處，音訛也。竺法蘭對漢明云：「迦毘羅衛者，大千之中也。」宋沙門慧嚴與南蠻校尉何承天共論華梵中邊之義，乃引周公測景之法，謂此土夏至之日，猶有餘陰，天竺則無也。言測景者，周公攝政四年，欲求地中而營王城。故以土圭測景，得頴川陽城，於是建都。土圭，長尺有五寸。夏至日晝漏半，立八尺之表，表北得景尺有五寸，景與土圭等，此為地中。鄭司農云：「凡日景於地，千里而差一寸。」當知陽城，蓋就此土自為中耳。既有表景，豈非餘陰耶？況此土東垂大海，三方且非，由是觀之，邊義彰矣。

[Kapilavastu] Kapila here means 'tawny yellow'. Vastu here means 'dwelling place'. In high antiquity there was an immortal named Yellow Head who cultivated the Way relying on this place. The Record of the Western Regions says: "Kapilavastu, formerly called Jiabiwei, which is corrupt." It was also named Jiaweiwei, or Jiayi, which here translates as 'Red Marsh'. Or named Pādau-śākya-so, which here translates as 'Dwelling Place of the Capable and Benevolent One', which are sound corruptions. Zhu Falan replied to Emperor Ming of Han: "Kapilavastu is the center of the great chiliocosm." When the Song śramaṇa Huiyan and He Chengtian, the Commandant of the Southern Barbarians, jointly discussed the meaning of center and periphery regarding China and India, [Huiyan] cited Duke of Zhou's method of measuring shadows, stating that in this land on the summer solstice there is still remaining shadow, whereas in India there is none. Regarding measuring shadows: in the fourth year of the Duke of Zhou's regency, seeking the center of the earth to build the royal city, he measured the shadow with an earthen sundial and obtained Yangcheng in Yingchuan, whereupon he founded the capital. The earthen sundial was one foot and five inches long. At midday on the summer solstice, an eight-foot gnomon was erected; north of the gnomon a shadow of one foot and five inches was obtained, equal to the earthen sundial, and this was considered the center of the earth. Zheng Sinong said: "Generally, the solar shadow on earth varies by one inch every thousand li." One should know that Yangcheng is merely the center within this land itself. Since it still had a gnomon shadow, is that not a remaining shadow? Moreover, this land borders the great sea on the east, and the other three directions are likewise not centered; viewed from this, its peripheral status becomes clear.