翻譯名義集 4.57

4.57

【尸羅】此云清涼。《大論》云：「秦言性善。好行善道，不自放逸，是名尸羅。」《經音義》云：「此義譯也，正翻止得，謂止惡得善也。」又古師翻戒，戒以防止為義，能防惡律儀無作之非，止三業所起之惡，故名防止。《大論》曰：「云何為戒？若惡止不更作，若心生、若口言、若從他受，息身口惡，是為戒。」《經音義》：「梵言三婆羅，此云禁戒。」《戒疏》云：「戒，義訓警也。警策三業，遠離緣非，明其因也。」《優婆塞戒經》云：「戒者，名制。能制一切不善法故。」又，戒是約義、訓義、勒義。《纂要》云：「約二百五十戒，各有四威儀，合為一千，循三世轉為三千；將三千威儀，分配身口七支，為二萬一千；復約對治三毒及等分，成八萬四千。」

[Śīla] Here this is translated as 'coolness'. The *Dazhidu lun* states: 'In the language of Qin, it means nature's goodness. Delighting in practicing wholesome paths and not being self-indulgent is called śīla.' The *Jingyin yi* states: 'This is a translation by meaning; the correct translation is "stopping and obtaining", meaning stopping evil and obtaining good.' Moreover, ancient masters translated it as 'precepts' (*jie*); precepts take guarding and preventing as their meaning, being able to prevent the unmanifest faults of bad moral codes and stop the evil arising from the three karmas; hence it is called guarding and preventing. The *Dazhidu lun* says: 'What is a precept? If evil is stopped and not done again, whether generated in mind, spoken by mouth, or received from another, putting an end to bodily and verbal evil is a precept.' The *Jingyin yi* states: 'In Sanskrit, *saṃvara*, translated here as prohibitive precepts.' The *Jieshu* states: 'Precept (*jie*) is glossed by meaning as "alerting" (*jing*). Alerting the three karmas to stay far away from circumstantial faults clarifies its cause.' The *Upāsakaśīla Sūtra* states: 'Precept is named restraint (*zhi*), because it can restrain all unwholesome dharmas.' Furthermore, *jie* means binding, glossing, and restraining. The *Zuanyao* states: 'The approximately two hundred and fifty precepts each have four bodily postures, making one thousand; revolving through the three times, they become three thousand; taking the three thousand bodily postures and allocating them to the seven branches of body and speech makes twenty-one thousand; further, matching them to counteract the three poisons and their equal combination makes eighty-four thousand.'