翻譯名義集 4.57

4.57

[Śīla] Here this is translated as 'coolness'. The *Dazhidu lun* states: 'In the language of Qin, it means nature's goodness. Delighting in practicing wholesome paths and not being self-indulgent is called śīla.' The *Jingyin yi* states: 'This is a translation by meaning; the correct translation is "stopping and obtaining", meaning stopping evil and obtaining good.' Moreover, ancient masters translated it as 'precepts' (*jie*); precepts take guarding and preventing as their meaning, being able to prevent the unmanifest faults of bad moral codes and stop the evil arising from the three karmas; hence it is called guarding and preventing. The *Dazhidu lun* says: 'What is a precept? If evil is stopped and not done again, whether generated in mind, spoken by mouth, or received from another, putting an end to bodily and verbal evil is a precept.' The *Jingyin yi* states: 'In Sanskrit, *saṃvara*, translated here as prohibitive precepts.' The *Jieshu* states: 'Precept (*jie*) is glossed by meaning as "alerting" (*jing*). Alerting the three karmas to stay far away from circumstantial faults clarifies its cause.' The *Upāsakaśīla Sūtra* states: 'Precept is named restraint (*zhi*), because it can restrain all unwholesome dharmas.' Furthermore, *jie* means binding, glossing, and restraining. The *Zuanyao* states: 'The approximately two hundred and fifty precepts each have four bodily postures, making one thousand; revolving through the three times, they become three thousand; taking the three thousand bodily postures and allocating them to the seven branches of body and speech makes twenty-one thousand; further, matching them to counteract the three poisons and their equal combination makes eighty-four thousand.'