翻譯名義集 5.145

5.145

【攝拖苾馱】此云聲明。《西域記》云：「開蒙誘進，先遵十二章。七歲之後，漸授五明大論。」言五明者，一曰聲明，釋詁訓字，詮目流別；二工巧明，伎術機關，陰陽曆數；三醫方明，禁呪閑邪，藥石針艾；四因明，考定正邪，研覈真偽（外道言論）；五曰內明，究暢五乘因果妙理。《大般若》云：「五地菩薩覺五明。」此內五明也。外五明者，前四明同，五曰符印。

[Śabdavidyā (攝拖苾馱)] This is translated as "the science of sounds" (linguistics). The *Record of the Western Regions* says: "In enlightening and guiding the young, one first follows the twelve chapters. After seven years of age, one is gradually instructed in the great treatises of the five sciences." The five sciences are: first, the science of sounds (śabdavidyā), which explains glosses, elucidates words, and categorizes terms and their distinctions; second, the science of crafts (śilpakarmasthānavidyā), covering mechanical arts, apparatuses, yin-yang, and calendrical astronomy; third, the science of medicine (cikitsāvidyā), covering spells, dispelling maladies, medicinal decoctions, acupuncture, and moxibustion; fourth, the science of reasoning (hetuvidyā), which investigates and establishes the correct and the deviant, examining the true and the false (the doctrines of non-Buddhists); fifth, the inner science (adhyātmavidyā), which thoroughly investigates the profound principles of cause and effect of the five vehicles. The *Great Prajñā Sūtra* says: "Bodhisattvas on the fifth ground awaken to the five sciences." These are the internal five sciences. As for the external five sciences: the first four sciences are the same, while the fifth is talismans and seals.