翻譯名義集 5.145

5.145

[Śabdavidyā (攝拖苾馱)] This is translated as "the science of sounds" (linguistics). The *Record of the Western Regions* says: "In enlightening and guiding the young, one first follows the twelve chapters. After seven years of age, one is gradually instructed in the great treatises of the five sciences." The five sciences are: first, the science of sounds (śabdavidyā), which explains glosses, elucidates words, and categorizes terms and their distinctions; second, the science of crafts (śilpakarmasthānavidyā), covering mechanical arts, apparatuses, yin-yang, and calendrical astronomy; third, the science of medicine (cikitsāvidyā), covering spells, dispelling maladies, medicinal decoctions, acupuncture, and moxibustion; fourth, the science of reasoning (hetuvidyā), which investigates and establishes the correct and the deviant, examining the true and the false (the doctrines of non-Buddhists); fifth, the inner science (adhyātmavidyā), which thoroughly investigates the profound principles of cause and effect of the five vehicles. The *Great Prajñā Sūtra* says: "Bodhisattvas on the fifth ground awaken to the five sciences." These are the internal five sciences. As for the external five sciences: the first four sciences are the same, while the fifth is talismans and seals.