翻譯名義集 5.152

5.152

【尼羅蔽茶】《西域記》云：「唐言青藏，記言書事，各有司存。史誥總稱，謂尼羅蔽茶。善惡見舉，災祥備著。」《前漢書》明劉歆七略，輯略，輯與集同，師古曰：「謂諸書之總要；六藝略，六經也；諸子略；詩賦略；兵書略；術數略，占卜之書；方技略，醫藥之書。」《說苑》明人臣之行，有六正六邪：一者萌兆未現，見存亡之機，名為聖臣。二者進善通道，功歸於君，名為大臣。三者卑身進賢，稱古行事，以勵主意，名為忠臣。四者明察早見，終無憂患，名為智臣。五者守文奉法，飲食廉節，名為貞臣。六者國家昏亂而不諭，犯主嚴顏，言主之過，身死國安，名為直臣。阮瑀論通士，以四奇高人，必有四難之忌：言多方者，中難處也；術饒津者，要難求也；意弘博者，情難足也；性明察者，下難事也。阮瑀論質士，以四短違人，必有四安之報：少言詞者，政不煩也（孟僖所以不能答郊勞也）；寡知見者，物不擾也（慶氏所以困相鼠也。《左傳》云：齊慶封來聘，叔孫與慶食不敬，為賦相鼠，亦不知也）；專一道者，思不散也；混濛蔑者，民不備也。

[Nīlapīṭha] The Xiyu ji says: 'In the language of Tang it is called the Blue Storehouse (Qingzang). For recording words and chronicling affairs, each had an official department. As a general title for historical records and proclamations, it is called Nīlapīṭha. Good and evil are both recorded, and portents and auspicious signs are fully noted.' The Qian Han shu explains the Seven Summaries (Qilüe) of Liu Xin: The Summary of Compilations (Jilüe)—ji is the same as ji (collection); [Yan] Shigu says: 'It refers to the general essentials of all the books'—the Summary of the Six Arts (Liuyi lüe), which are the Six Classics; the Summary of the Masters (Zhizi lüe); the Summary of Poetry and Rhapsodies (Shifu lüe); the Summary of Military Treatises (Bingshu lüe); the Summary of Divinatory Arts (Shushu lüe), which are books of divination; and the Summary of Recipes and Techniques (Fangji lüe), which are books of medicine. The Shuoyuan explains that among the conduct of ministers there are six kinds of rectitude and six kinds of depravity: First, one who sees the crucial signs of preservation and ruin before the omens have manifested is called a sage minister. Second, one who advances the good and leads the way in the Dao, attributing the merit to the ruler, is called a great minister. Third, one who humbles himself to promote the worthy and cites ancient deeds to encourage the lord's resolve is called a loyal minister. Fourth, one who scrutinizes clearly and perceives early so that there is ultimately no anxiety or disaster is called a wise minister. Fifth, one who maintains the statutes and obeys the laws, being pure and frugal in food and drink, is called a chaste minister. Sixth, one who, when the state is mired in dark chaos and cannot be made to understand, braves the lord's stern countenance, speaks of the lord's errors, and dies so that the state may be at peace, is called an upright minister. Ruan Yu, in discussing accomplished gentlemen, held that surpassing men of four extraordinary talents must inevitably provoke four taboos of difficulty: for one whose speech embraces many directions, the middle course is difficult to keep; for one whose arts are rich in crossings, the essentials are difficult to seek; for one whose aspirations are vast and broad, his sentiments are difficult to satisfy; and for one whose nature is discerning and clear, it is difficult for inferiors to serve him. Ruan Yu, in discussing simple gentlemen, held that although they offend others through four shortcomings, they must certainly receive the recompense of four forms of peace: for one of few words, the administration is not burdensome (this was why Meng Xi could not respond to the suburban reception); for one of sparse knowledge and views, matters are not disturbed (this was why the Qing clan was trapped by the poem 'Look at the Rat'; the Zuo zhuan says: 'Qing Feng of Qi came on a mission; Shusun ate with Qing without respect and chanted "Look at the Rat" for him, yet he did not realize it either'); for one devoted to a single way, his thoughts are not scattered; and for one who is dull, dim, and simple, the people make no evasive schemes.