翻譯名義集 6.65

6.65

【阿薩闍】此云不可治病。《弘明集》云：「必死之病，雖聖莫蠲；可療之疾，待醫方愈。」故《涅槃》明三種病：一易治，二難治，三不可治。《淨名疏》云：「療治有損。一、有從初服藥，但增而不損，終無差理，是名增增。二、或雖困篤，方治即愈，是名增損。三、或有服藥，初雖漸損，而後更增，是名損增。四、從初漸損，乃至平服，是為損損。」又釋治眾生病。一、增增者，即底下凡夫，若為說法，更起誹謗，闡提之罪，如善星、調達等也。二、增損者，如尸利鞠多。三、損增者，如《大論》明四禪比丘，謂是四果。臨終見生處，謗無涅槃，即墮地獄。又《毘曇》、《成實》明退法人，皆其相生。四、損損者，即身子等，諸得道人。

[Asādhya] here translated as 'incurable illness'. The *Hongming ji* says: 'An illness destined for death cannot be dispelled even by a sage; a curable illness awaits a doctor before it can heal.' Therefore, the *Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra* explains three kinds of illnesses: first, easily cured; second, difficult to cure; third, incurable. The *Commentary on the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa* says: 'Treatment brings alleviation. First, there are those who take medicine from the start, but it only increases and does not abate, with no possibility of recovery; this is called increase-increase. Second, there are those who, though critically ill, are cured as soon as they are treated; this is called increase-decrease. Third, there are those who take medicine and at first gradually abate, but later it flares up again; this is called decrease-increase. Fourth, there are those who gradually abate from the start until full recovery; this is called decrease-decrease.' It further explains the treatment of sentient beings' illnesses: First, increase-increase refers to the lowest ordinary beings who, if Dharma is preached to them, give rise to further slander; the transgressions of icchantikas, like Sunakṣatra and Devadatta. Second, increase-decrease refers to individuals like Śrīgupta. Third, decrease-increase refers to, as the Great Treatise explains, the bhikṣu of the fourth dhyāna who believed it to be the fourth fruit; at the verge of death he saw his place of rebirth and slandered that there is no nirvāṇa, falling straight into hell. Moreover, the *Abhidharma* and *Satyasiddhi* explain those who fall back from the Dharma; all are of this type. Fourth, decrease-decrease refers to Śāriputra and other realized beings.'