翻譯名義集 7.30

7.30

【隙棄羅】此云錫杖，由振時作錫錫聲故。《十誦》名聲杖，《錫杖經》又名智杖。亦名德杖，彰智行功德故。聖人之幖幟，賢士之明記，道法之幢。《根本．雜事》云：「比丘乞食，深入長者之家，遂招譏謗。比丘白佛，佛云：『可作聲警覺。』彼即呵呵作聲喧閙，復招譏毀。佛制不聽，遂拳打門。家人怪問：『何故打破我門？』默爾無對。佛言：『應作錫杖。』苾芻不解。佛言：『杖頭安鐶圓如醆（仄限）口，安小鐶子，搖動作聲，而為警覺。動可一二，無人聞時，即須行去。』」《五百問論》持錫有多事，能警惡蟲毒獸等。義淨云：「錫杖都有三分：上分是錫，中木，下或牙角也。若二股六鐶，是迦葉佛製；若四股十二鐶，是釋迦佛製。」齊稠禪師，在懷州王屋山，聞虎鬪，以錫杖解之。因成頌云：「本自不求名，剛被名求我；巖前解二虎，障却第三果。」又鄧隱峯飛錫空中，解於二陣。

【Khakkara】 Here translated as sounding staff, because when shaken it makes a *xixi* sound. The *Sarvāstivāda-vinaya* names it 'sounding staff'; the *Khakkara-sūtra* also names it 'wisdom staff'. It is also named 'virtue staff', because it manifests the merit of wise practice. It is the insignia of holy ones, the distinct mark of worthy men, and the banner of the Path and Dharma. The *Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-kṣudrakavastu* says: "When bhikṣus went begging for food, they entered deep into the houses of elders, thereby incurring ridicule and slander. The bhikṣus reported this to the Buddha. The Buddha said: 'You may make a sound to alert them.' They then made loud shouting sounds (*he-he*), creating a commotion, and again incurred ridicule and censure. The Buddha forbade it, so they knocked on the doors with their fists. The householders asked in surprise: 'Why are you breaking down my door?' They remained silent without an answer. The Buddha said: 'You should make a khakkara.' The bhikṣus did not understand. The Buddha said: 'Attach a ring to the top of the staff round like the rim of a cup, and attach small rings to it, shaking it to make a sound to alert them. Shake it once or twice; if no one hears, you must walk away.'" The *Treatise of Five Hundred Questions* says holding a khakkara has many functions, able to warn away noxious insects and venomous beasts. Yijing says: "The khakkara has three parts in all: the upper part is pewter, the middle is wood, and the lower is ivory or horn. If it has two prongs and six rings, it was instituted by Kāśyapa Buddha; if four prongs and twelve rings, it was instituted by Śākyamuni Buddha." Dhyāna Master Sengchou of the Qi, while at Mount Wangwu in Huaizhou, heard tigers fighting and used his khakkara to separate them. Thereupon he composed a verse: "Originally I never sought fame, / Yet fame forcefully pursued me; / Before the cliff I parted two tigers, / Obstructing the third fruit." Also, Deng Yinfeng flew his khakkara into the air, resolving a conflict between two armies.