翻譯名義集 1.248

1.248

[Śiṣya] Formerly translated as 'disciple' (dizi); newly called 'one who is taught.' Nanshan says: 'Learning behind me is called di (younger); understanding born from the teacher is called zi (child).' Tiantai says: 'The teacher has the capacity to craft and cultivate; the learner possesses the virtue of relying upon and receiving. One who relies forsakes the father to follow the teacher, revering the teacher like a father. The teacher's modesty and deferral treats the reliant one like a younger brother. Therefore Confucius said: "Hui treats me as a father, and I treat Hui as a younger brother." The Vinaya says: "An upādhyāya toward a disciple should produce the thought of a son; a disciple toward an upādhyāya should produce the thought of a father."' Sima Biao says: 'Tudizi refers to disciples and followers of the school.' Laozi says: 'A good person is the teacher of a person who is not good; a person who is not good is the resource of a good person.' Nanshan says: 'That the Buddhadharma expands and broadens is truly due to teacher and disciple gathering each other in, treating each other with earnestness, aiding both with wealth and Dharma, so that day by day their practice deepens, and with enduring conduct virtue becomes firm—all relies upon this. Lately the true teaching has fallen into decline, the breeze of wisdom has been shielded, the vulgar harbor insolence, and the monastic community produces un-dharmic deeds. This is entirely because teachers lack the mind to guide and encourage, and disciples lack the resolve to uphold and practice. Both having abandoned one another, they drift delusionally into base realms. If one desires to let the Way shine, how could it be obtained?'