翻譯名義集 2.117

2.117

[Icchantika] In the "Chapter on the Questions of the Multitude," Cunda asked the Buddha: "As for the icchantika, what is its meaning?" The Buddha told Cunda: "If there are bhikṣus, bhikṣuṇīs, upāsakas, or upāsikās who utter coarse and evil speech, slander the true Dharma, commit such heavy karma and never repent, having no shame or remorse in their minds—such persons are said to be heading on the path of the icchantika. If they commit the four grave offences or perpetrate the five deadly sins, knowing themselves that they have definitely committed such heavy deeds, yet initially have no fear, shame, or remorse in their minds, refusing to confess; and regarding the Buddha's true Dharma, have no intention to protect, cherish, or establish it, but disparage, despise, and utter many faults [against it]—such persons are also said to be heading on the path of the icchantika. If they further say, 'There is no Buddha, Dharma, or Saṅgha'—such persons are also said to be heading on the path of the icchantika." The "Chapter on Pure Practices" states: "An icchantika does not believe in cause and effect, has neither shame nor remorse, does not believe in karmic retribution, does not see the present or future lives, does not associate with good friends, and does not comply with the teachings and admonitions spoken by the Buddhas. Such a person is called an icchantika." The "Chapter on the Virtue-King" states: "Icchan means faith, and tika means incomplete; because faith is incomplete, it is called icchantika." The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra says: "There are two kinds of icchantikas: first, those who burn up all roots of goodness; second, those who take pity on all sentient beings and make vows for the exhaustion of all realms of sentient beings. Mahāmati! What is burning up all roots of goodness? It refers to slandering the Bodhisattva Piṭaka and saying, 'Those are not discourses that accord with the sūtras, vinaya, and liberation.' Discarding all roots of goodness, they therefore do not attain nirvāṇa. Mahāmati! Those who take pity on sentient beings and make vows for the exhaustion of all realms of sentient beings are bodhisattvas. Bodhisattvas skillfully make the vow: 'If sentient beings do not enter nirvāṇa, I too shall not enter nirvāṇa.'" Furthermore, in Sanskrit icchantika is rendered here as "much greed." A-icchantika is rendered here as "desireless." Atyantika is rendered here as "extremely evil." The Weishi shuyao states: "First is icchantika, which has the sense of wishful craving, because of craving saṃsāra. Second is a-icchantika, which has the sense of not wishing, because of not wishing for nirvāṇa. Third is atyantika, which is called ultimate, because they are ultimately devoid of the nature of nirvāṇa." Others say that icchantika refers to burning up all roots of goodness; second, a-icchantika refers to the great compassion of the bodhisattva; third, atyantika refers to the natureless icchantika. Hence the Shuyao states: "Yogācāra-vijñānavāda speaks of one kind of icchantika that is devoid of the nature." It also says: "Those devoid of gotra ultimately achieve neither present nor future [attainment] (this is according to the Faxiang school)."