翻譯名義集 2.135

2.135

[Nigaṇṭha Nātaputta and others] Nigaṇṭha is translated here as "Free from Bonds." Sengzhao says: "Nirgrantha is the general name for their renunciants, just as in the Buddha's Dharma renunciants are called śramaṇas. Nātaputta is the mother's name. This person asserted that sin, merit, suffering, and pleasure fundamentally have fixed causes, and must inevitably be experienced, not being something that can be severed by practicing the path." The Fuxing cites the notes of Kumārajīva and Sengzhao and compares them with the Nirvāṇa Sūtra to distinguish similarities and differences; later scholars should examine them in detail. The Tiantai Si nianchu states: "In the Abhidharma, three kinds of smṛtyupasthāna are clarified: intrinsic nature, shared, and object-conditioned, which counter and refute these three kinds of non-Buddhists. Some explain the smṛtyupasthāna of intrinsic nature by saying that contemplating the shallow name of non-arising is regarded as coarse, while fine contemplation sees the subtle dharmas, all of which are the truth of suffering in saṃsāra; this is called the smṛtyupasthāna of intrinsic nature. Some solely use wisdom, repeatedly conditioning on the empty principle of non-arising, generating true insight to sever fetters, attaining the arhat liberated by wisdom. This counters and refutes the non-Buddhists of wrong causes and conditions, absence of causes and conditions, distorted grasping of intrinsic nature, and omniscience. The shared smṛtyupasthāna uses dhyāna to assist the path, practicing both the principal and the auxiliary together. It is also called the joint contemplation of phenomena and principle, giving rise to the outflow-free three knowledges and six supernormal knowledges, achieving an arhat liberated both ways. This counters and refutes the non-Buddhists of fundamental craving and pride who attain the five supernatural powers. The object-conditioned smṛtyupasthāna conditions on the words of the Buddha's three baskets and twelve divisions, and all worldly names and terms; its conditioned objects are broad. Unlike pratyekabuddhas who appear in eras without Buddhas, not receiving verbal teachings, but only using supernatural powers to delight sentient beings without being able to preach the Dharma, those of object-conditioned smṛtyupasthāna thoroughly comprehend the faculties and dispositions, are skilled in the four unimpeded knowledges, are fit to compile the Dharma treasury, and become great unimpeded arhats. This counters and refutes the worldly non-Buddhists of the Vedas."