翻譯名義集 2.138

2.138

[Yama] (pronounced with zai). Also called Yanluo. This translates as 'quieting', because he can quiet the unwholesome karma of evildoers. Alternatively, it translates as 'restraining', meaning he restrains them so they do not commit evil. Or Yamarāja. The *Jingyinyi* states that it should be: 'Yamaloka, which translates as "Twin World", the general office of the ghost officials. It is also called Yanluo or Yanmo, which are phonetic shifts. It is also called Yamarāja, which translates as "Twin Kings". Brother and sister both serve as lords of hell: the brother governs the affairs of men, and the sister governs the affairs of women; hence they are called the Twin Kings. Alternatively, it translates as "experiencing both suffering and pleasure together", hence called "twin".' The *Vibhāṣā*, *Prakaraṇāryavācā*, and *Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna-sūtra* all state that he belongs to the ghost realm. The *Yogācārabhūmi* places him in the hell realm. Furthermore, the *Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra* asks: 'Is King Yama called the Dharma King because he is able to harm, or because he is able to benefit?' It answers: 'Because he benefits sentient beings. When sentient beings are brought before the king, in order to make them remember, he manifests a body similar to theirs and tells them: "You made this yourselves and must receive its fruit. Having incurred naraka (hell), do not accumulate further new karma, so that when this karma is exhausted, you may be liberated from naraka." Therefore, Yama is called the Dharma King because he can benefit all sentient beings.' The treatise says: 'Five hundred yojanas below this Jambudvīpa, there is the kingdom of King Yama, which is also of the same length and breadth.'