翻譯名義集 2.198

2.198

[Siṃha] (僧伽彼, saṅghapi?): Or saṃgha (𠳎多). Here translated as 'lion' (師子). The *Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra* says: 'Like the lion king, born of a pure breed and dwelling among deep mountains and great valleys. It has square cheeks and large bones, its flesh is plump, its head large and eyes long, glossy, clear, and bright. Its brows are high and broad, its fangs sharp, white, and clean, its mouth and nose square and large, thick, solid, and firm, its teeth closely set, even, and sharp. It puts forth a reddish-white tongue, its ears stand high, its mane is glossy, its upper body broad and large, its flesh and skin firmly knit. With a long spine and slender waist, its belly does not show; with a long tail and sharp claws, its feet stand firmly. Coming forth from its dwelling with great physical power, it stretches its back, yawns, and strikes the ground with its mouth, displaying great majesty. It does not eat past the proper time, revealing the appearance of morning, signifying the power of the lion king.' Furthermore, the *Śāstra* explains that when the Buddha was expounding on former lives, a lion arrived. The Buddha said: 'During the time of Vipaśyin Buddha, this lion was a Brahman master. Seeing the Buddha preaching the Dharma, he went to the Buddha's presence. At that time, because the great assembly was listening to the Dharma, none spoke with him. Thereupon he gave rise to an evil thought and uttered evil curses, saying: "What difference is there between these shaven fellows and beasts? They do not recognize a good man, nor do they know how to speak!" By this karma, from the time of Vipaśyin Buddha until now—for ninety-one eons—he has constantly fallen among animals. This person should have attained the Way at that time, but due to his foolishness, he prolonged his own samsara. Now, because of his pure mind in the presence of the Buddha, he will attain liberation.' The New *Avataṃsaka Sūtra* says: 'Just as when a great lion roars, small lions hear it and all become courageous and strong, while all beasts flee far and hide in fear; when the bodhisattvas and others hear the Buddha's lion's roar praising the sound of the bodhicitta, it nurtures their dharmakāya, whereas beings of deluded views shrink in shame and scatter.' The *Fajie cidi* says: 'The lion's sprint (siṃha-vikrīḍita) uses a metaphor to reveal the Dharma. In the world, a lion sprints for two purposes: first, to shake off dust and dirt; second, to run forward and retreat with agility surpassing all other beasts. This samādhi is also like this: first, it shakes off the subtle, unknowing delusions that obstruct concentration; second, it can enter and emerge with agility and without interruption.' The *Guangya* says: '"Fen" (奮) means to shake or rouse.' Furthermore, the Sanskrit letter *si* (嘶) resembles the form of a lion.