翻譯名義集 2.221

2.221

【Jīvañjīvaka】 This translates as "living"; the Suvikrāntavikramiparipṛcchā calls it "living-living". Alternatively, it is translated as "life"; the Lotus Sūtra calls it "life-life". The Sūtra of the Storehouse of Sundry Jewels says: "In the Snowy Mountains there is a bird named 'Shared Life'. It has one body and two heads, their consciousnesses and spirits being distinct, yet sharing the same retributive life; hence it is called 'Life-Life'." The Fo benxing jing says: "The Buddha said: 'In the past, there was a two-headed bird in the Snowy Mountains: one head was named Garuḍa, and the other head was named Upagaruḍa. Once, the head Upagaruḍa was asleep. Near the waking head stood a madhūka tree; the wind blew its blossoms down, which landed beside the waking head. That head thought to itself: "Although I eat the blossoms alone, when they enter the stomach, both of us will gain complexion and strength." Not waking the other, it silently ate the blossoms. When the sleeping head awoke, it felt its belly full and burped and belched the aroma out. It asked: "Where did you obtain such delicious food?" The waking head replied in full, and the sleeping head harbored resentment. Later, as they roamed, they encountered the blossom of a poisonous tree. It thought to eat this blossom so as to cause both heads to die. The head Upagaruḍa then said to the head Garuḍa: "You sleep now; I shall remain awake." As soon as that head fell asleep, it ate the poisonous blossom. Garuḍa awoke and smelled the poison, asking, "What evil food have you eaten that makes me uneasy?" The head Upa said: "I have eaten this poisonous blossom, wishing that we both die together." Thereupon that head spoke a verse: / "In the past, while you slept, / I ate marvelous flowers of sweet flavor. / Those flowers were blown beside me by the wind, / Yet you in turn gave rise to great wrath. / May one never wish to see a foolish person, / Nor ever wish to live together with the foolish; / Living with the foolish brings no benefit, / Harming oneself as well as another's body."' The Buddha said: 'The Garuḍa bird was myself; the Upa bird was Devadatta.'"