翻譯名義集 2.64

2.64

The Śūraṅgama Sūtra says: “There are also people who do not rely on correct enlightenment to cultivate samādhi, but cultivate other delusive thoughts and mental fixations, solidifying their physical forms and roaming in mountains and forests where people cannot reach. There are ten kinds of immortals (ṛṣi).” In Sanskrit, it is muni, translated here as xiān (immortal/ṛṣi). The Shiming says: “One who grows old and does not die is called a xiān. Xiān means qiān (to move): moving into the mountains. Therefore, the character was fashioned with a person beside a mountain.” The Zhuangzi says: “Tiring of the world at a thousand years of age, he departed and ascended as an immortal.” The Baopuzi says: “Those who seek immortality must above all take loyalty, filial piety, harmony, benevolence, and trustworthiness as their foundation. If virtues are not cultivated and one only busies oneself with arts and techniques, in the end one will never attain long life.” The Biographies of Eminent Monks states: “Chunda, a man from the Western Regions, did not decline even at the age of six hundred. Emperor Daizong of the Tang sought from him the method of prolonging life. Chunda said: ‘The spirit naturally prefers stillness, but is now muddled by worldly conditions; how can it find dark quiescence? If one abandons simplicity and stillness and seeks from without the prolongation of life, it is like climbing a tree to pick lotus flowers—how could one obtain them? If Your Majesty wishes to have a long life, it comes from simplicity, purity, and calming the spirit. When the spirit is calmed, life is long; when desires are few, the body is at peace. Beyond this art, this poor monk knows nothing.’” As for the word “destinies” (qù), both the Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā and the Abhidharma[-kośa] state: “Qù has the sense of ‘arriving at’; it refers to the places where the immortals (ṛṣis) arrive.”