翻譯名義集 3.6

3.6

【Rājan】Also called rāja; here translated as "king" (wang). The Satyaka-sūtra states: "A king is the father and mother of the people; because he protects and gathers sentient beings through the Dharma, he brings them peace and happiness." The Baihu tong states: "A king (wang) means 'to go' (wang), that to which all under Heaven turn and go." The "Hongfan" states: "Without partiality, without partisanship, the King's way is vast and broad; without partisanship, without partiality, the King's way is level and easy." Kong's commentary states: "Orderly governance is bian. The rulers of Wu and Chu usurped the title of king; Confucius rectified names, designating the Son of Heaven of the Zhou as the Heavenly King. Therefore the Chunqiu states: 'The Heavenly King hunted at Heyang.'" The Hanshi waizhuan states: "A sovereign (jun) means flock (qun). One who can gather into a flock all things under heaven and eliminate their harms is called a sovereign." Ban Gu said: "When they ruled all under heaven, they shone like the sun, were awe-inspiring like gods, enveloped like the ocean, and nurtured like spring. Like trees planted in mountain forests, or birds and fish bred in rivers and marshes, they joined with heaven and earth to bestow transformation—how could it be just the trivialities of human affairs!" The Buddhist teachings define "king" as sovereign mastery. The Miaoxuan states: "A wheel-turning sage king has sovereign mastery across four continents."