翻譯名義集 3.6

3.6

【遮閱那】或云曷囉闍，此云王。《薩遮經》云：「王者民之父母，以法攝護眾生，令安樂故。」《白虎通》曰：「王者，往也，天下所歸往。」〈洪範〉曰：「無偏無黨，王道蕩蕩；無黨無偏，王道平平。」孔氏傳曰：「辯，治也。吳楚之君，僭號稱王，仲尼正名，以周天子為天王。故春秋云：『天王狩于河陽。』」《韓詩外傳》曰：「君者，群也。能群天下萬物，而除其害者，謂之君也。」班固曰：「其君天下也，炎之如日，威之如神，涵之如海，養之如春。譬猶草木之植山林，鳥魚之毓川澤，參天地而施化，豈云人事之厚薄哉！」釋氏以自在名王。《妙玄》云：「轉輪聖王，四域自在。」

【Rājan】Also called rāja; here translated as "king" (wang). The Satyaka-sūtra states: "A king is the father and mother of the people; because he protects and gathers sentient beings through the Dharma, he brings them peace and happiness." The Baihu tong states: "A king (wang) means 'to go' (wang), that to which all under Heaven turn and go." The "Hongfan" states: "Without partiality, without partisanship, the King's way is vast and broad; without partisanship, without partiality, the King's way is level and easy." Kong's commentary states: "Orderly governance is bian. The rulers of Wu and Chu usurped the title of king; Confucius rectified names, designating the Son of Heaven of the Zhou as the Heavenly King. Therefore the Chunqiu states: 'The Heavenly King hunted at Heyang.'" The Hanshi waizhuan states: "A sovereign (jun) means flock (qun). One who can gather into a flock all things under heaven and eliminate their harms is called a sovereign." Ban Gu said: "When they ruled all under heaven, they shone like the sun, were awe-inspiring like gods, enveloped like the ocean, and nurtured like spring. Like trees planted in mountain forests, or birds and fish bred in rivers and marshes, they joined with heaven and earth to bestow transformation—how could it be just the trivialities of human affairs!" The Buddhist teachings define "king" as sovereign mastery. The Miaoxuan states: "A wheel-turning sage king has sovereign mastery across four continents."