翻譯名義集 4.97

4.97

[Titikkhā / Trapā] is translated here as "having dread of blame" (apatrapā). The Nirvāṇa Sūtra says: "The Buddhas, the Bhagavats, constantly speak this word: 'There are two white phenomena that can rescue sentient beings: first, shame (hrī); second, dread of blame (apatrapā).' Shame is not committing offenses oneself; dread of blame is not teaching others to commit them. Shame is inwardly feeling disgraced; dread of blame is disclosing it to others." The Saṃyuktāgama says: "If there were no two phenomena of shame and dread of blame in the world, one would transgress the pure path and head toward birth, old age, sickness, and death." The Commentary on the Hundred Dharmas says: "Shame has the nature of revering and honoring the virtuous and wholesome based on the power of oneself and the Dharma; its function is to counteract shamelessness and cease unwholesome conduct. Dread of blame has the nature of scorning and rejecting violent evil based on the power of the secular world; its function is to counteract lack of dread and cease unwholesome conduct." The Abhidharma treatises say: "Shame has as its essence feeling self-disgraced regarding faults and unwholesomeness; dread of blame has as its essence feeling disgraced before others regarding evil." The Nirvāṇa Sūtra says: "Wise persons are of two kinds: first, those who do not commit various evils; second, those who repent after having committed them. Foolish persons are also of two kinds: first, those who commit offenses; second, those who conceal them."