翻譯名義集 6.7

6.7

【[ㄙ/(刃*工*刃)/一/(、*、*、)/口]】 Pronounced wan, it is the mark of supreme auspicious virtue, arising from the hair curling to the right, resembling the character [ㄙ/(刃*工*刃)/一/(、*、*、)/口]. In Sanskrit it is called svastika. Here it is translated as 'having happiness'. One who has this mark will surely have peace and happiness. Graphs such as 卍, 𬼃, 萬, and 万 are characters of this land. The Song Gaoseng zhuan clarifies the four categories of translation: first, translating the character but not the sound, which are the words of mantras in the various sūtras; second, translating the sound but not the character, such as the character 𬼃 in the Avataṃsaka, which is translated by the character wan of this land, while the script remains Sanskrit; third, translating both sound and character, which is the sūtra text; fourth, translating neither sound nor character, which are the palm-leaf manuscripts from the west.